20 new English words for 31 December 2016, each with its meaning, Hindi meaning, synonyms, antonyms and an example sentence. Learn them today and revise them with the daily quiz — useful for SSC, Bank, Railway, UPSC and IELTS.

1 Referendum (noun)

Referendum - A general vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision/ a public vote on a particular issue.

A general vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision/ a public vote on a particular issue.

Hindi meaning: जनमत संग्रह

Synonyms: Public Vote, Plebiscite, Popular Vote, Ballot, Poll

Example: The employees were asked to vote on a <strong>referendum</strong> about the company insurance plan.

Trick: Refer kiya jata hai end me toh Referendum.

2 Insurgent (noun)

Insurgent - A person fighting against a government or invading force; a rebel or revolutionary.

A person fighting against a government or invading force; a rebel or revolutionary.

Hindi meaning: विद्रोही/बागी

Synonyms: Rebel, Revolutionary, Anarchical, Contumacious, Disobedient, Insurrectionary

Antonyms: Obedient, Follower, Subordinate

Example: Though he was publicly aligned with the controlling party, he was secretly funding the <strong>insurgent</strong> movement.

Trick: In surgen ka need pura ni hua toh ye Insurgent hojaenge.

3 Unanimously (adverb)

Unanimously - Without opposition; with the agreement of all people involved.

Without opposition; with the agreement of all people involved.

Hindi meaning: सर्वसम्मति से

Synonyms: Unitary, Concordantly, Collectively, Consensually, cooperatively, harmoniously

Antonyms: Differently, Divergently, Opposite

Example: Hockey star Wayne Gretzky was the <strong>unanimous</strong> choice for athlete of the year.

Trick: Sare animal lion ko Unanimously apna king mante hai.

4 Amnesty (noun)

Amnesty - Grant a pardon to.

Grant a pardon to.

Hindi meaning: क्षमा/माफ़ी

Synonyms: Forgiveness, Reprieve, Absolution, Dispensation

Antonyms: Punishment, Penalty

Example: Thousands of former rebels have returned to their homes as a result of the government's declaration of an <strong>amnesty</strong> for all soldiers.

Trick: Animal ko masti karne ke liye chodte hai Amnesty deke.

5 Prosecution (noun)

Prosecution - The institution and conducting of legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge.

The institution and conducting of legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge.

Hindi meaning: अभियोग

Synonyms: Incrimination, Charge, Imputation, Indictment

Antonyms: Defense, Safeguard, Preserve

Example: The case was dropped because the <strong>prosecution</strong> had insufficient evidence to proceed.

Trick: Crime karne pe Public Prosecutor apke against Prosecution karega.

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6 Intransigence (noun)

Intransigence - A stubborn refusal to change/uncompromising.

A stubborn refusal to change/uncompromising.

Hindi meaning: हठ/कठोरता

Synonyms: Obduracy, Uncompromising, Inflexibility, Rigidity, Adamancy

Antonyms: Flexibility, Compromising, Shakable

Example: When it comes to the safety of my children, I must always take an <strong>intransigent</strong> position to protect them.

Trick: Club me in hokar hi mante hai Intransigence log.

7 Vigorous (adjective)

Vigorous - Strong, healthy, and full of energy.

Strong, healthy, and full of energy.

Hindi meaning: सशक्त/ओजपूर्ण

Synonyms: Dynamic, Effective, Efficient, Intense, Potent, Robust, Strenuous

Antonyms: Delicate, Dull, Fragile, Impotent

Example: The rough mountain hike wore out even the <strong>vigorous</strong> athletes in the group.

Trick: Virat kohli Vigorous hai.

8 Lenient (adjective)

Lenient - Not strict.

Not strict.

Hindi meaning: उदार/नरम/मृदु

Synonyms: Benign, Gentle, Mild, Emollient, Amiable, Affable

Antonyms: Merciless, Hard, Intolerant, Rigorous, Severe

Example: When the principal is out of the building for a meeting, the teachers are more <strong>lenient</strong> with their students.

Trick: Bruce Lee ki training Lenient ni thi.

9 Agrarian (adjective)

Agrarian - Relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land.

Relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land.

Hindi meaning: कृषि या भूमि संबंधी

Synonyms: Agricultural, Natural, Peasant, Rustic, Uncultivated, Predial

Antonyms: Industrial

Example: An <strong>agrarian</strong> college prepares men and women for careers in land cultivation.

Trick: Agra me rain se sab kuch Agrarian hogya.

10 Culminate (verb)

Culminate - To come to a significant point such as the end of an event.

To come to a significant point such as the end of an event.

Hindi meaning: समापन होना/पराकाष्ठा पर पहुँचना

Synonyms: Cap, Climax, Conclude, End Up, Terminate, Wind Up

Antonyms: Begin, Commence, Open, Start

Example: At the end of the night, the concert will <strong>culminate</strong> in a huge fireworks display.

Trick: Kal my nation festival will be on Culmination.

11 Resentment (noun)

Resentment - Bitter indignation at/ a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will.

Bitter indignation at/ a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will.

Hindi meaning: रोष /द्वेष

Synonyms: Bitterness, Cynicism, Displeasure, Exasperation, Grudge, Ill Will, Indignation

Antonyms: Cheer, Delight Friendliness, Glee, Good Will

Example: As a parent, Greg <strong>resents</strong> the school administrator telling him how to control his children.

12 Paradoxically (adverb)

Paradoxically - In a manner that is contradictory.

In a manner that is contradictory.

Hindi meaning: विडंबना से/ विरोधाभासी तरीके से

Synonyms: In Contradictive Or Colliding Manner

Antonyms: Supporting, Aiding, Helping

Example: strong>Paradoxically, </strong> the economy is improving although many families complain about the poverty in which they live.

13 Nicety (noun)

Nicety - Fine or subtle detail or distinction.

Fine or subtle detail or distinction.

Hindi meaning: परिशुद्धता / अति सूक्ष्मता

Synonyms: Precision, Accuracy, Exactness, Meticulousness

Antonyms: Imprecision, Inaccuracy, Inexactness

Example: Doctors and nurses use <strong>nicety</strong> when writing reports so that the readers will know exactly what they mean.

14 Hefty (adjective)

Hefty - Large and heavy.

Large and heavy.

Hindi meaning: भारी

Synonyms: Of Significance, Of Importance, Weighty, Robust

Antonyms: Insignificant, Trivial, Minor, of less importance

Example: The announcement by the king to increase the taxes on farmers is a <strong>hefty</strong> deal of imprudence.

15 Lampoon (verb)

Lampoon - Publicly criticize (someone or something) by using ridicule, irony, or sarcasm.

Publicly criticize (someone or something) by using ridicule, irony, or sarcasm.

Hindi meaning: कटाक्ष करना/आक्षेप करना

Synonyms: Satirize, Mock, Ridicule, Insinuate

Antonyms: Flattery, Praise

Example: Because Freddy posted an uncomplimentary <strong>lampoon</strong> of his boss on his Facebook page, he soon found himself looking for new employment.

16 Trifle (adjective)

Trifle  - Something of small importance/ considerably insignificant.

Something of small importance/ considerably insignificant.

Hindi meaning: तुच्छ /हल्का/निरर्थक

Synonyms: Trivial, Minor, Insignificant, Petty, Diminutive

Antonyms: Important, Major, Necessary, Serious, Significant, Substantial

Example: Those who fight over <strong>trifle</strong> issues never succeed in their life

17 Preach (verb)

Preach - Earnestly advocate (a belief or course of action).

Earnestly advocate (a belief or course of action).

Hindi meaning: प्रचारित करना

Synonyms: Advocate, Recommend, Advise, Urge, Exhort, Teach, Counsel

Antonyms: Neglect

Example: Fitness <strong>preaches</strong> the value of regular, vigorous exercise.

18 Proffer (verb)

Proffer - Hold out or put forward (something) to someone for acceptance.

Hold out or put forward (something) to someone for acceptance.

Hindi meaning: प्रस्ताव करना/निवेदन करना

Synonyms: Offer, Tender, Present, Submit, Suggest, Propose, Put Forward

Antonyms: Conceal, Hold, Keep, Refrain, Take, Withhold

Example: The prosecutor’s <strong>proffer</strong> for the witness includes no jail time and witness protection for three years.

19 Ponderous (adjective)

Ponderous - (especially of speech or writing) dull or laborious.

(especially of speech or writing) dull or laborious.

Hindi meaning: भारी/ बोझल

Synonyms: Laborious, Dull, Awkward, Clumsy, Turgid, Stodgy, Stolid

Antonyms: Adroit, Clever, Convenient, Dexterous, Easy, Graceful, Handy

Example: To allure the investors, Presentations should be exciting and engaging not <strong>ponderous</strong>.

20 Blithe (adjective)

Blithe - Carefree and unconcerned/ showing a casual and cheerful indifference

Carefree and unconcerned/ showing a casual and cheerful indifference

Hindi meaning: प्रफ़ुल्ल

Synonyms: Happy, Cheerful, Cheery, Merry, Blissful, Ecstatic, Euphoric, Gladsome, Mirthful

Antonyms: Depressed, Lethargic, Troubled, Worried, Heavyhearted, Morose, Sorrowful

Example: Sarah was so <strong>blithe</strong> about her father’s death that she had a party after his funeral.

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