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In each of the following questions, a short passage is given with one of the lines in the passage missing and represented by a blank. Select the best out of the five answer choices given, to make the passage complete and coherent.
Poverty is the state of majority of world's people and nations. Why is this? Have they been lazy, made poor decisions, and been solely responsible for their own plight? What about their governments? Have they pursued policies that actually harm successful development? Such causes of poverty and inequality are no doubt real. But deeper and more global causes of poverty are often less discussed. Behind the increasing inter-connectedness promised by globalisation are global decisions, policies and practices. These are typically influenced, driven or formulated by the rich and powerful. These can be leaders of rich countries or other global actors such as multinational corporations, institutions and influential people. In the face of such enormous external influence, the governments of poor nations and their people are often powerless. As a result, in the global context, a few get wealthy while the majority struggles.
Explanation: The huge gap between the rich and the poor in the nation is now narrowing.
In each of the following questions, a short passage is given with one of the lines in the passage missing and represented by a blank. Select the best out of the five answer choices given, to make the passage complete and coherent.
Women's rights around the world are an important indicator to understand global well-being. A major global women's rights treaty was ratified by the majority of the world's nations a few decades ago. These range from the cultural, political to the economic. For example, women often work more than men, yet are paid less; gender discrimination affects girls and women throughout their lifetime; and women and girls are often the ones that suffer the most poverty. Many may think that women's rights are only an issue in countries where religion is law. Or even worse, some may think this is no longer an issue at all. But reading the report about the United Nation's Women's Treaty and how an increasing number of countries are lodging reservations will show otherwise. Gender equality furthers the cause of child survival and development for all of society, so the importance of women's rights and gender equality should not be underestimated.
Explanation: We can eliminate options A and C as they are contrary to what is being said in the paragraph. Option B incorrectly identifies the scope of the paragraph. The paragraph speaks of all the injustices women face - not just the one on the domestic front. Between D and E, E correctly completes the chain of thought being expressed at the end of the paragraph. Hence, the correct option is option E.
In each of the following questions, a short passage is given with one of the lines in the passage missing and represented by a blank. Select the best out of the five answer choices given, to make the passage complete and coherent.
Research has shown that air pollutants from fossil fuel use make clouds reflect more of the sun's rays back into space. This leads to an effect known as global dimming whereby less heat and energy reaches the earth. However, it is believed that global dimming caused the droughts in certain parts of the world where millions died, because the northern hemisphere oceans were not warm enough to allow rain formation. Global dimming is also hiding the true power of global warming. By cleaning up global dimming- causing pollutants without tackling greenhouse gas emissions, rapid warming has been observed and various human health and ecological disasters have resulted, as witnessed during the European heat wave in 2003, which saw thousands of people die _.
Explanation: The paragraph talks about how the true effects of global warming would have been on display if global dimming had not been there. So, the best concluding sentence would be option c), which says that scientists believe that global dimming goes hand in hand with global warming.
In each of the following questions, a short passage is given with one of the lines in the passage missing and represented by a blank. Select the best out of the five answer choices given, to make the passage complete and coherent.
Next to China, India is the most populated country in the world _. Particularly, rush to technical andhigher education has increased as the scope for arts and science has become lesser and lesser due to lack of reforms and upgradation in the course structure and materials according to the developments of the world. Also, qualification in higher education gives added advantage to face competition successfully in the job market.
Explanation: There is a discontinuity between the first and the second lines in the given passage. Option B fills in the gap between those sentences.
In each of the following questions, a short passage is given with one of the lines in the passage missing and represented by a blank. Select the best out of the five answer choices given, to make the passage complete and coherent.
Analysts and industry pundits forecast that the notebook market which has been growing faster than the desktop market for the past three years is expected to overtake the desktop market by the year 2011-12. A fall in prices, large deals from governments and institutions and demand from consumers and sectors such as education are expected to help the notebook numbers. According to research agencies, the year 2010 - 11 saw notebook volumes rise and for the first time, a million-plus notebooks were sold in India in a single quarter. The market has grown nearly four times for notebooks. The demand is driven by all sectors and a very buoyant consumer market, which prefers mobile computers. Entry-level notebook prices have dropped below the Rs. 25,000 mark; this has helped break the ice with new customers. This drop in notebook prices has been helped by the drop in the prices of the building blocks that make a notebook. It's simple. With notebook volumes growing, the prices of the components are also bound to come down _ .
Explanation: The passage explains how notebooks are getting more popular and hence option A is the correct choice.
Rearrange the following seven sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F) and (G) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below them. <br><br> (A) To elaborate briefly on these characteristics and dimensions that the author is talking about -NRMs are general tests intended to be used to classify students by percentile for measuring either aptitude or proficiency for admissions into or placement within a programme. <br><br> (B) Contrastingly, the CRM, such as a locally produced achievement test, measures absolute performance that is compared only with the learning objective, hence a perfect score is theoretically obtainable by all students who have a mastery of the pre- specified material, or conversely, all students may fail the test. <br><br> (C) In most of these books, the authors classify a measurement strategy as either norm-referenced (NRM) or criterion-referenced (CRM). <br><br> (D) Another author points out how the type of interpretation that an NRM offers is the relative performance of the students compared with that of all the others resulting in, ideally, a bell curve distribution. <br><br> (E) Numerous books on constructing and using language tests have been written by various authors. <br><br> (F) CRMs, on the other hand, are more specific achievement or diagnostic tests intended to be used for motivating students by measuring to what per cent they have achieved mastery of the taught or learned material. <br><br> (G) One of the authors clearly delineates the differences of these two types by focusing on the categories of 'test characteristics' and 'logistical dimensions'.
Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
Rearrange the following seven sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F) and (G) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below them. <br><br> (A) To elaborate briefly on these characteristics and dimensions that the author is talking about -NRMs are general tests intended to be used to classify students by percentile for measuring either aptitude or proficiency for admissions into or placement within a programme. <br><br> (B) Contrastingly, the CRM, such as a locally produced achievement test, measures absolute performance that is compared only with the learning objective, hence a perfect score is theoretically obtainable by all students who have a mastery of the pre- specified material, or conversely, all students may fail the test. <br><br> (C) In most of these books, the authors classify a measurement strategy as either norm-referenced (NRM) or criterion-referenced (CRM). <br><br> (D) Another author points out how the type of interpretation that an NRM offers is the relative performance of the students compared with that of all the others resulting in, ideally, a bell curve distribution. <br><br> (E) Numerous books on constructing and using language tests have been written by various authors. <br><br> (F) CRMs, on the other hand, are more specific achievement or diagnostic tests intended to be used for motivating students by measuring to what per cent they have achieved mastery of the taught or learned material. <br><br> (G) One of the authors clearly delineates the differences of these two types by focusing on the categories of 'test characteristics' and 'logistical dimensions'.
Which of the following should be the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?
Explanation: The correct order is ECGAFDB. E opens the paragraph by introducing the subject - constructing and using language tests. This is followed by C, which talks about the different types of measurement strategies. G, which talks about how one author differentiates between the two measuring strategies comes next. A and F, which talk about each of the measuring strategies in greater detail follow G. F comes next and it introduces the work of another author. This is followed by B which throws more light on the work of the second author. So, F is the fifth sentence.
Rearrange the following seven sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F) and (G) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below them. <br><br> (A) To elaborate briefly on these characteristics and dimensions that the author is talking about -NRMs are general tests intended to be used to classify students by percentile for measuring either aptitude or proficiency for admissions into or placement within a programme. <br><br> (B) Contrastingly, the CRM, such as a locally produced achievement test, measures absolute performance that is compared only with the learning objective, hence a perfect score is theoretically obtainable by all students who have a mastery of the pre- specified material, or conversely, all students may fail the test. <br><br> (C) In most of these books, the authors classify a measurement strategy as either norm-referenced (NRM) or criterion-referenced (CRM). <br><br> (D) Another author points out how the type of interpretation that an NRM offers is the relative performance of the students compared with that of all the others resulting in, ideally, a bell curve distribution. <br><br> (E) Numerous books on constructing and using language tests have been written by various authors. <br><br> (F) CRMs, on the other hand, are more specific achievement or diagnostic tests intended to be used for motivating students by measuring to what per cent they have achieved mastery of the taught or learned material. <br><br> (G) One of the authors clearly delineates the differences of these two types by focusing on the categories of 'test characteristics' and 'logistical dimensions'.
Which of the following should be the SEVENTH (LAST) sentence after rearrangement?
Explanation: The correct order is ECGAFDB. E opens the paragraph by introducing the subject - constructing and using language tests. This is followed by C, which talks about the different types of measurement strategies. G, which talks about how one author differentiates between the two measuring strategies comes next. A and F, which talk about each of the measuring strategies in greater detail follow G. F comes next and it introduces the work of another author. This is followed by B which throws more light on the work of the second author.<br> So, B is the last sentence.
Rearrange the following seven sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F) and (G) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below them. <br><br> (A) To elaborate briefly on these characteristics and dimensions that the author is talking about -NRMs are general tests intended to be used to classify students by percentile for measuring either aptitude or proficiency for admissions into or placement within a programme. <br><br> (B) Contrastingly, the CRM, such as a locally produced achievement test, measures absolute performance that is compared only with the learning objective, hence a perfect score is theoretically obtainable by all students who have a mastery of the pre- specified material, or conversely, all students may fail the test. <br><br> (C) In most of these books, the authors classify a measurement strategy as either norm-referenced (NRM) or criterion-referenced (CRM). <br><br> (D) Another author points out how the type of interpretation that an NRM offers is the relative performance of the students compared with that of all the others resulting in, ideally, a bell curve distribution. <br><br> (E) Numerous books on constructing and using language tests have been written by various authors. <br><br> (F) CRMs, on the other hand, are more specific achievement or diagnostic tests intended to be used for motivating students by measuring to what per cent they have achieved mastery of the taught or learned material. <br><br> (G) One of the authors clearly delineates the differences of these two types by focusing on the categories of 'test characteristics' and 'logistical dimensions'.
Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?
Explanation: The correct order is ECGAFDB. E opens the paragraph by introducing the subject - constructing and using language tests. This is followed by C, which talks about the different types of measurement strategies. G, which talks about how one author differentiates between the two measuring strategies comes next. A and F, which talk about each of the measuring strategies in greater detail follow G. F comes next and it introduces the work of another author. This is followed by B which throws more light on the work of the second author.<br> So, G is the third sentence.
Rearrange the following seven sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F) and (G) in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph; then answer the questions given below them. <br><br> (A) To elaborate briefly on these characteristics and dimensions that the author is talking about -NRMs are general tests intended to be used to classify students by percentile for measuring either aptitude or proficiency for admissions into or placement within a programme. <br><br> (B) Contrastingly, the CRM, such as a locally produced achievement test, measures absolute performance that is compared only with the learning objective, hence a perfect score is theoretically obtainable by all students who have a mastery of the pre- specified material, or conversely, all students may fail the test. <br><br> (C) In most of these books, the authors classify a measurement strategy as either norm-referenced (NRM) or criterion-referenced (CRM). <br><br> (D) Another author points out how the type of interpretation that an NRM offers is the relative performance of the students compared with that of all the others resulting in, ideally, a bell curve distribution. <br><br> (E) Numerous books on constructing and using language tests have been written by various authors. <br><br> (F) CRMs, on the other hand, are more specific achievement or diagnostic tests intended to be used for motivating students by measuring to what per cent they have achieved mastery of the taught or learned material. <br><br> (G) One of the authors clearly delineates the differences of these two types by focusing on the categories of 'test characteristics' and 'logistical dimensions'.
Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
Explanation: The correct order is ECGAFDB. E opens the paragraph by introducing the subject - constructing and using language tests. This is followed by C, which talks about the different types of measurement strategies. G, which talks about how one author differentiates between the two measuring strategies comes next. A and F, which talk about each of the measuring strategies in greater detail follow G. F comes next and it introduces the work of another author. This is followed by B which throws more light on the work of the second author.<br> So, C is the second sentence.
The following questions consist of a single sentence with one blank only. You are given six words as answer choices and from the six choices you have to pick up two correct answers, either of which will make the sentence meaningfully complete.
Drugs worth Rs. 3 lakh were ___ from the apartment by the police. (A) manufactured (B) ruptured (C) seized (D) confiscated (E) bought (F) compared
Explanation: Seized means 'take hold of suddenly and forcibly'. Confiscated means 'take or seize (someone's property) with authority.' Both seized and confiscated can be used in the given context
The following questions consist of a single sentence with one blank only. You are given six words as answer choices and from the six choices you have to pick up two correct answers, either of which will make the sentence meaningfully complete.
A man reportedly____two passports with the same photograph but under different names was arrested by the commissioner's Task Force. (A) possessing (B) examining (C) surrendering (D) mastering (E) holding (F) fixating
Explanation: Both possessing and holding can be used interchangeably when describing use of passport. The other options are either in appropriate to be used for passports or are conveying an entirely different meaning.
The following questions consist of a single sentence with one blank only. You are given six words as answer choices and from the six choices you have to pick up two correct answers, either of which will make the sentence meaningfully complete.
The Hollywood star and the Bollywood heroine are being____as the next big onscreen couple. (A) labelled (B) explained (C) worshiped (D) touted (E) exclaimed (F) shouted
Explanation: Both labelled and touted can be used in the given context. Exclaimed, worshipped, explained, and shouted are absolutely inappropriate in the given context.
The following questions consist of a single sentence with one blank only. You are given six words as answer choices and from the six choices you have to pick up two correct answers, either of which will make the sentence meaningfully complete.
An organization____to the mission of road safety has prepared an action plan for reducing accidents and related injuries and fatalities. (A) specified (B) inaugurated (C) committed (D)kickedoff (E) succumbed (F) dedicated
The following questions consist of a single sentence with one blank only. You are given six words as answer choices and from the six choices you have to pick up two correct answers, either of which will make the sentence meaningfully complete.
The ability of a woman to do well does not____on whether it is a man's world or not, because everyone has his/her own opportunities. (A) trust (B) depend (C) reckon (D) live (E) rest (F) believe
Explanation: Both depend and rest can be used in the given context
Below is given a single word with its meaning in different contexts as options. You have to select all those options which are synonyms of the word when the context is changed. Select the correct alternative from (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) which represents all those synonyms.
LABOUR (A) expedite (B) to move faster (C) controlled (D)toil
Explanation: Of the various options given only toil is he synonym of labour. The other words are not applicable in any context
Below is given a single word with its meaning in different contexts as options. You have to select all those options which are synonyms of the word when the context is changed. Select the correct alternative from (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) which represents all those synonyms.
MEAN (A) imply (B) understand (C) average (D)characterized by malice
Explanation: Average is not a synonym of Mean in any situation. All other options are synonyms of Mean in some cases
Below is given a single word with its meaning in different contexts as options. You have to select all those options which are synonyms of the word when the context is changed. Select the correct alternative from (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) which represents all those synonyms.
REGULAR (A) present (B) common (C) indiscriminate (D) uniform
Below is given a single word with its meaning in different contexts as options. You have to select all those options which are synonyms of the word when the context is changed. Select the correct alternative from (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) which represents all those synonyms.
MASK (A) cover (B) hide (C) conceal (D) disguise
Explanation: All the four options can be used as synonyms of Mask in various contexts. Hence the answer is (E).
Below is given a single word with its meaning in different contexts as options. You have to select all those options which are synonyms of the word when the context is changed. Select the correct alternative from (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) which represents all those synonyms.
ALONE (A) exclusively (B) morose (C) solitary (D) human being
Explanation: Only A and C is the correct option to be used in the situation. The other options are not appropriate in the given context. Hence the answer is (B).
Directions : In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. As the country embarks on planning (21) the 12th Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (22) hangs over the process is on the energy requirements. Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of growing at 9-10% will (23) huge demands on the energy resources of the country. In this energy jigsaw, renewable energy will (24) like never before in the 12th Plan and the (25). By the rule of the thumb, India will (26) about 100 gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy efficiency and sustained (27) by some parts of the government-the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in particular, needs to be complimented for this-have led to substantially lesser energy intensity of economic growth. However, even the tempered demand numbers are (28) to be below 80Gw. As against this need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity. Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (29) cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to contribute anything substantial in view of the unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be (30) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal, gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw equivalent can be (31) to be added in the five-year time block. (32) (33) this, capacity addition in the renewable energy based power generation as touched about 3Gw a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity grid (34) renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw. Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity, off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote places and (35) lives where grid-based electricity supply has miserably failed.
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Explanation: Planning 'for' the period - is the right proposition to be used. The other options are not suitable in the given context. Hence the right answer is b.
Directions : In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. As the country embarks on planning (21) the 12th Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (22) hangs over the process is on the energy requirements. Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of growing at 9-10% will (23) huge demands on the energy resources of the country. In this energy jigsaw, renewable energy will (24) like never before in the 12th Plan and the (25). By the rule of the thumb, India will (26) about 100 gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy efficiency and sustained (27) by some parts of the government-the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in particular, needs to be complimented for this-have led to substantially lesser energy intensity of economic growth. However, even the tempered demand numbers are (28) to be below 80Gw. As against this need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity. Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (29) cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to contribute anything substantial in view of the unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be (30) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal, gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw equivalent can be (31) to be added in the five-year time block. (32) (33) this, capacity addition in the renewable energy based power generation as touched about 3Gw a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity grid (34) renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw. Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity, off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote places and (35) lives where grid-based electricity supply has miserably failed.
.
Explanation: a key question mark 'that' hangs over the process is the correct option to be used in the situation. The other options are not appropriate in the given context. Hence the answer is (A).
Directions : In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. As the country embarks on planning (21) the 12th Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (22) hangs over the process is on the energy requirements. Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of growing at 9-10% will (23) huge demands on the energy resources of the country. In this energy jigsaw, renewable energy will (24) like never before in the 12th Plan and the (25). By the rule of the thumb, India will (26) about 100 gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy efficiency and sustained (27) by some parts of the government-the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in particular, needs to be complimented for this-have led to substantially lesser energy intensity of economic growth. However, even the tempered demand numbers are (28) to be below 80Gw. As against this need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity. Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (29) cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to contribute anything substantial in view of the unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be (30) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal, gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw equivalent can be (31) to be added in the five-year time block. (32) (33) this, capacity addition in the renewable energy based power generation as touched about 3Gw a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity grid (34) renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw. Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity, off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote places and (35) lives where grid-based electricity supply has miserably failed.
.
Explanation: will 'place' huge demands is the correct option to be used in the situation. The other options are not appropriate in the given context. Hence the answer is (C).
Directions : In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. As the country embarks on planning (21) the 12th Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (22) hangs over the process is on the energy requirements. Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of growing at 9-10% will (23) huge demands on the energy resources of the country. In this energy jigsaw, renewable energy will (24) like never before in the 12th Plan and the (25). By the rule of the thumb, India will (26) about 100 gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy efficiency and sustained (27) by some parts of the government-the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in particular, needs to be complimented for this-have led to substantially lesser energy intensity of economic growth. However, even the tempered demand numbers are (28) to be below 80Gw. As against this need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity. Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (29) cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to contribute anything substantial in view of the unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be (30) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal, gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw equivalent can be (31) to be added in the five-year time block. (32) (33) this, capacity addition in the renewable energy based power generation as touched about 3Gw a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity grid (34) renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw. Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity, off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote places and (35) lives where grid-based electricity supply has miserably failed.
,
Explanation: will 'feature' like never before is the correct option to be used in the situation. The other options are not appropriate in the given context. Hence the answer is (C).
Directions : In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. As the country embarks on planning (21) the 12th Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (22) hangs over the process is on the energy requirements. Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of growing at 9-10% will (23) huge demands on the energy resources of the country. In this energy jigsaw, renewable energy will (24) like never before in the 12th Plan and the (25). By the rule of the thumb, India will (26) about 100 gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy efficiency and sustained (27) by some parts of the government-the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in particular, needs to be complimented for this-have led to substantially lesser energy intensity of economic growth. However, even the tempered demand numbers are (28) to be below 80Gw. As against this need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity. Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (29) cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to contribute anything substantial in view of the unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be (30) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal, gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw equivalent can be (31) to be added in the five-year time block. (32) (33) this, capacity addition in the renewable energy based power generation as touched about 3Gw a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity grid (34) renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw. Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity, off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote places and (35) lives where grid-based electricity supply has miserably failed.
.
Explanation: and the 'next' is the correct option to be used in the situation. The other options are not appropriate in the given context. Hence the answer is (C).
Directions : In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. As the country embarks on planning (21) the 12th Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (22) hangs over the process is on the energy requirements. Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of growing at 9-10% will (23) huge demands on the energy resources of the country. In this energy jigsaw, renewable energy will (24) like never before in the 12th Plan and the (25). By the rule of the thumb, India will (26) about 100 gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy efficiency and sustained (27) by some parts of the government-the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in particular, needs to be complimented for this-have led to substantially lesser energy intensity of economic growth. However, even the tempered demand numbers are (28) to be below 80Gw. As against this need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity. Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (29) cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to contribute anything substantial in view of the unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be (30) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal, gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw equivalent can be (31) to be added in the five-year time block. (32) (33) this, capacity addition in the renewable energy based power generation as touched about 3Gw a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity grid (34) renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw. Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity, off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote places and (35) lives where grid-based electricity supply has miserably failed.
.
Explanation: By the rule of the thumb, India will 'require' about 100 gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition in the next five years is the correct option to be used in the situation. The other options are not appropriate in the given context. Hence the answer is (B).
Directions : In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. As the country embarks on planning (21) the 12th Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (22) hangs over the process is on the energy requirements. Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of growing at 9-10% will (23) huge demands on the energy resources of the country. In this energy jigsaw, renewable energy will (24) like never before in the 12th Plan and the (25). By the rule of the thumb, India will (26) about 100 gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy efficiency and sustained (27) by some parts of the government-the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in particular, needs to be complimented for this-have led to substantially lesser energy intensity of economic growth. However, even the tempered demand numbers are (28) to be below 80Gw. As against this need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity. Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (29) cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to contribute anything substantial in view of the unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be (30) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal, gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw equivalent can be (31) to be added in the five-year time block. (32) (33) this, capacity addition in the renewable energy based power generation as touched about 3Gw a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity grid (34) renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw. Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity, off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote places and (35) lives where grid-based electricity supply has miserably failed.
.
Explanation: Encouraging trends on energy efficiency and sustained 'efforts' by some parts of the government is the correct option to be used in the situation. The other options are not appropriate in the given context. Hence the answer is (B).
Directions : In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. As the country embarks on planning (21) the 12th Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (22) hangs over the process is on the energy requirements. Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of growing at 9-10% will (23) huge demands on the energy resources of the country. In this energy jigsaw, renewable energy will (24) like never before in the 12th Plan and the (25). By the rule of the thumb, India will (26) about 100 gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy efficiency and sustained (27) by some parts of the government-the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in particular, needs to be complimented for this-have led to substantially lesser energy intensity of economic growth. However, even the tempered demand numbers are (28) to be below 80Gw. As against this need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity. Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (29) cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to contribute anything substantial in view of the unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be (30) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal, gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw equivalent can be (31) to be added in the five-year time block. (32) (33) this, capacity addition in the renewable energy based power generation as touched about 3Gw a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity grid (34) renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw. Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity, off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote places and (35) lives where grid-based electricity supply has miserably failed.
.
Explanation: However, even the tempered demand numbers are 'unlikely' to be below 80Gw is the correct option to be used in the situation. The other options are not appropriate in the given context. Hence the answer is (D).
Directions : In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. As the country embarks on planning (21) the 12th Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (22) hangs over the process is on the energy requirements. Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of growing at 9-10% will (23) huge demands on the energy resources of the country. In this energy jigsaw, renewable energy will (24) like never before in the 12th Plan and the (25). By the rule of the thumb, India will (26) about 100 gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy efficiency and sustained (27) by some parts of the government-the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in particular, needs to be complimented for this-have led to substantially lesser energy intensity of economic growth. However, even the tempered demand numbers are (28) to be below 80Gw. As against this need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity. Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (29) cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to contribute anything substantial in view of the unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be (30) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal, gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw equivalent can be (31) to be added in the five-year time block. (32) (33) this, capacity addition in the renewable energy based power generation as touched about 3Gw a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity grid (34) renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw. Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity, off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote places and (35) lives where grid-based electricity supply has miserably failed.
.
Explanation: Imported coal can add some more, but at a much 'higher' cost is the correct option to be used in the situation. The other options are not appropriate in the given context. Hence the answer is (C).
Directions : In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. As the country embarks on planning (21) the 12th Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (22) hangs over the process is on the energy requirements. Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of growing at 9-10% will (23) huge demands on the energy resources of the country. In this energy jigsaw, renewable energy will (24) like never before in the 12th Plan and the (25). By the rule of the thumb, India will (26) about 100 gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy efficiency and sustained (27) by some parts of the government-the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in particular, needs to be complimented for this-have led to substantially lesser energy intensity of economic growth. However, even the tempered demand numbers are (28) to be below 80Gw. As against this need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity. Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (29) cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to contribute anything substantial in view of the unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be (30) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal, gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw equivalent can be (31) to be added in the five-year time block. (32) (33) this, capacity addition in the renewable energy based power generation as touched about 3Gw a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity grid (34) renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw. Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity, off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote places and (35) lives where grid-based electricity supply has miserably failed.
.
Explanation: Nuclear will be marginal in the foreseeable future is the correct usage in the given context. The other options are inappropriate in the current situation. Hence the correct option is E.
Directions : In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. As the country embarks on planning (21) the 12th Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (22) hangs over the process is on the energy requirements. Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of growing at 9-10% will (23) huge demands on the energy resources of the country. In this energy jigsaw, renewable energy will (24) like never before in the 12th Plan and the (25). By the rule of the thumb, India will (26) about 100 gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy efficiency and sustained (27) by some parts of the government-the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in particular, needs to be complimented for this-have led to substantially lesser energy intensity of economic growth. However, even the tempered demand numbers are (28) to be below 80Gw. As against this need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity. Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (29) cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to contribute anything substantial in view of the unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be (30) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal, gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw equivalent can be (31) to be added in the five-year time block. (32) (33) this, capacity addition in the renewable energy based power generation as touched about 3Gw a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity grid (34) renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw. Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity, off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote places and (35) lives where grid-based electricity supply has miserably failed.
.
Explanation: Among imported coal, gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw equivalent can be 'expected' to be added in the five-year time block is the correct usage in the given context. The other options are inappropriate in the current situation. Hence the correct option is D.
Directions : In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. As the country embarks on planning (21) the 12th Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (22) hangs over the process is on the energy requirements. Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of growing at 9-10% will (23) huge demands on the energy resources of the country. In this energy jigsaw, renewable energy will (24) like never before in the 12th Plan and the (25). By the rule of the thumb, India will (26) about 100 gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy efficiency and sustained (27) by some parts of the government-the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in particular, needs to be complimented for this-have led to substantially lesser energy intensity of economic growth. However, even the tempered demand numbers are (28) to be below 80Gw. As against this need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity. Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (29) cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to contribute anything substantial in view of the unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be (30) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal, gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw equivalent can be (31) to be added in the five-year time block. (32) (33) this, capacity addition in the renewable energy based power generation as touched about 3Gw a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity grid (34) renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw. Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity, off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote places and (35) lives where grid-based electricity supply has miserably failed.
.
Explanation: 'As against' is used when two items are being compared is the correct usage in the given context. The other options are inappropriate in the current situation. Hence the correct option is E
Directions : In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. As the country embarks on planning (21) the 12th Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (22) hangs over the process is on the energy requirements. Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of growing at 9-10% will (23) huge demands on the energy resources of the country. In this energy jigsaw, renewable energy will (24) like never before in the 12th Plan and the (25). By the rule of the thumb, India will (26) about 100 gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy efficiency and sustained (27) by some parts of the government-the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in particular, needs to be complimented for this-have led to substantially lesser energy intensity of economic growth. However, even the tempered demand numbers are (28) to be below 80Gw. As against this need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity. Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (29) cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to contribute anything substantial in view of the unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be (30) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal, gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw equivalent can be (31) to be added in the five-year time block. (32) (33) this, capacity addition in the renewable energy based power generation as touched about 3Gw a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity grid (34) renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw. Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity, off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote places and (35) lives where grid-based electricity supply has miserably failed.
.
Explanation: 'As against' is used when two items are being compared. That is the correct usage in the given context. The other options are inappropriate in the current situation. Hence the correct option is E.
Directions : In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. As the country embarks on planning (21) the 12th Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (22) hangs over the process is on the energy requirements. Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of growing at 9-10% will (23) huge demands on the energy resources of the country. In this energy jigsaw, renewable energy will (24) like never before in the 12th Plan and the (25). By the rule of the thumb, India will (26) about 100 gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy efficiency and sustained (27) by some parts of the government-the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in particular, needs to be complimented for this-have led to substantially lesser energy intensity of economic growth. However, even the tempered demand numbers are (28) to be below 80Gw. As against this need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity. Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (29) cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to contribute anything substantial in view of the unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be (30) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal, gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw equivalent can be (31) to be added in the five-year time block. (32) (33) this, capacity addition in the renewable energy based power generation as touched about 3Gw a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity grid (34) renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw. Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity, off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote places and (35) lives where grid-based electricity supply has miserably failed.
.
Explanation: In the coming five years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity grid 'through' renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw is the correct usage in the given context. The other options are inappropriate in the current situation. Hence the correct option is A
Directions : In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. As the country embarks on planning (21) the 12th Plan (2012-17) period, a key question mark (22) hangs over the process is on the energy requirements. Growth is energy-hungry and the aspirations of growing at 9-10% will (23) huge demands on the energy resources of the country. In this energy jigsaw, renewable energy will (24) like never before in the 12th Plan and the (25). By the rule of the thumb, India will (26) about 100 gigawatts (Gw)-100,000 megawatts of capacity addition in the next five years. Encouraging trends on energy efficiency and sustained (27) by some parts of the government-the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, in particular, needs to be complimented for this-have led to substantially lesser energy intensity of economic growth. However, even the tempered demand numbers are (28) to be below 80Gw. As against this need, the coal supply from domestic sources is unlikely to support more than 25 Gw equivalent capacity. Imported coal can add some more, but at a much (29) cost. Gas-based electricity generation is unlikely to contribute anything substantial in view of the unprecedented gas supply challenges. Nuclear will be (30) in the foreseeable future. Among imported coal, gas, large hydro and nuclear, no more than 15-20Gw equivalent can be (31) to be added in the five-year time block. (32) (33) this, capacity addition in the renewable energy based power generation as touched about 3Gw a year. In the coming five years, the overall capacity addition in the electricity grid (34) renewable energy is likely to range between 20Gw and 25Gw. Additionally, over and above the grid-based capacity, off-grid electricity applications are reaching remote places and (35) lives where grid-based electricity supply has miserably failed.
.
Explanation: and 'touching' lives is the correct usage in the given context. The other options are inappropriate in the current situation. Hence the correct option is C
Read the following passage carefully and answer the question given below it. <br><br> Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions. <br><br> In a reversal of the norm elsewhere, in India policymakers and economists have become optimists while bosses do the worrying. The country's Central Bank has predicted that the country's economy is likely to grow at a double-digit rate during the next 20-30 years. India had the capability with its vast labour and lauded entrepreneurial spirit. But the private sector, which is supposed to do the heavy lifting that turns India from the world's tenth largest economy to its third largest by 2030, has become fed up. <br><br> Business people often carp about India's problems but their irritation this time has a nervous edge. In the first quarter of 2011, GDP grew at an annual rate of 7.8 percent; in 2005-07, it managed 9-10 percent. The economy may be slowing naturally as the low-interest rates and public spending that got India through the global crisis are belatedly being withdrawn. At the same time, the surge in inflation caused by exorbitant food prices has spread more widely, casting doubt over whether India can grow at 8-10 percent in the medium term without overheating. <br><br> In India, as in many fast-growing nations, the confidence to invest depends on the conviction that the long-term trajectory is intact, and it is that which is in doubt. Big Indian firms too. Sometimes, seem happier to invest abroad than at home, in deals that are often hailed as symbols of the country's growing clout but sometimes speak to its weaknesses-purchases of natural resources that India has in abundance but struggles to get out of the ground. In fact, a further dip in investment could be self- fulfilling: if fewer roads, ports and factories are built, this will hurt both short-term growth figures and reduce the economy's long-term capacity. <br><br> There is a view that because a fair amount of growth is assured the government need not try very hard. The liberalisation that began in 1991 freed markets for products and gave rise to vibrant competition. At the same time what economists call factor markets, those for basic inputs like land, power, labour, etc., remains unreformed and largely under state control, which creates difficulties. Clearances today can take three to four years, and many employers are keen to replace workers with machines despite an abundance of a labour force. This can be attributed to labour laws that are inimical to employee creation and an education system that means finding quality manpower a major problem. In fact, the Planning Commission concluded that achieving even nine per cent growth will need marked policy action in unreformed sectors. Twenty years ago it was said that the yardstick against which India should be measured was its potential, and it is clear that there remains much to do.
Why are employers reluctant to hire Indian labour force? <br> (A) India's labour force is overqualified for the employment opportunities available. <br> (B) High attrition rate among employees stemming from their entrepreneurial spirit<br> (C) Labour laws are not conducive to generating employment.
Explanation: As mentioned in the education system and labour laws are faulty and hinder employers from recruiting from the Indian labor force. <br> It can be found in this line towards the end of the passage, ' This can be attributed to labour laws that are inimical to employee creation and an education system that means finding quality manpower a major problem.'
Read the following passage carefully and answer the question given below it. <br><br> Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions. <br><br> In a reversal of the norm elsewhere, in India policymakers and economists have become optimists while bosses do the worrying. The country's Central Bank has predicted that the country's economy is likely to grow at a double-digit rate during the next 20-30 years. India had the capability with its vast labour and lauded entrepreneurial spirit. But the private sector, which is supposed to do the heavy lifting that turns India from the world's tenth largest economy to its third largest by 2030, has become fed up. <br><br> Business people often carp about India's problems but their irritation this time has a nervous edge. In the first quarter of 2011, GDP grew at an annual rate of 7.8 percent; in 2005-07, it managed 9-10 percent. The economy may be slowing naturally as the low-interest rates and public spending that got India through the global crisis are belatedly being withdrawn. At the same time, the surge in inflation caused by exorbitant food prices has spread more widely, casting doubt over whether India can grow at 8-10 percent in the medium term without overheating. <br><br> In India, as in many fast-growing nations, the confidence to invest depends on the conviction that the long-term trajectory is intact, and it is that which is in doubt. Big Indian firms too. Sometimes, seem happier to invest abroad than at home, in deals that are often hailed as symbols of the country's growing clout but sometimes speak to its weaknesses-purchases of natural resources that India has in abundance but struggles to get out of the ground. In fact, a further dip in investment could be self- fulfilling: if fewer roads, ports and factories are built, this will hurt both short-term growth figures and reduce the economy's long-term capacity. <br><br> There is a view that because a fair amount of growth is assured the government need not try very hard. The liberalisation that began in 1991 freed markets for products and gave rise to vibrant competition. At the same time what economists call factor markets, those for basic inputs like land, power, labour, etc., remains unreformed and largely under state control, which creates difficulties. Clearances today can take three to four years, and many employers are keen to replace workers with machines despite an abundance of a labour force. This can be attributed to labour laws that are inimical to employee creation and an education system that means finding quality manpower a major problem. In fact, the Planning Commission concluded that achieving even nine per cent growth will need marked policy action in unreformed sectors. Twenty years ago it was said that the yardstick against which India should be measured was its potential, and it is clear that there remains much to do.
What is the state of India's basic input sectors at present?
Explanation: The passage says - At the same time what economists call factor markets, those for basic inputs like land, power, labour etc, remains unreformed and largely under state control, which creates difficulties. <br> So, option C is correct.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the question given below it. <br><br> Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions. <br><br> In a reversal of the norm elsewhere, in India policymakers and economists have become optimists while bosses do the worrying. The country's Central Bank has predicted that the country's economy is likely to grow at a double-digit rate during the next 20-30 years. India had the capability with its vast labour and lauded entrepreneurial spirit. But the private sector, which is supposed to do the heavy lifting that turns India from the world's tenth largest economy to its third largest by 2030, has become fed up. <br><br> Business people often carp about India's problems but their irritation this time has a nervous edge. In the first quarter of 2011, GDP grew at an annual rate of 7.8 percent; in 2005-07, it managed 9-10 percent. The economy may be slowing naturally as the low-interest rates and public spending that got India through the global crisis are belatedly being withdrawn. At the same time, the surge in inflation caused by exorbitant food prices has spread more widely, casting doubt over whether India can grow at 8-10 percent in the medium term without overheating. <br><br> In India, as in many fast-growing nations, the confidence to invest depends on the conviction that the long-term trajectory is intact, and it is that which is in doubt. Big Indian firms too. Sometimes, seem happier to invest abroad than at home, in deals that are often hailed as symbols of the country's growing clout but sometimes speak to its weaknesses-purchases of natural resources that India has in abundance but struggles to get out of the ground. In fact, a further dip in investment could be self- fulfilling: if fewer roads, ports and factories are built, this will hurt both short-term growth figures and reduce the economy's long-term capacity. <br><br> There is a view that because a fair amount of growth is assured the government need not try very hard. The liberalisation that began in 1991 freed markets for products and gave rise to vibrant competition. At the same time what economists call factor markets, those for basic inputs like land, power, labour, etc., remains unreformed and largely under state control, which creates difficulties. Clearances today can take three to four years, and many employers are keen to replace workers with machines despite an abundance of a labour force. This can be attributed to labour laws that are inimical to employee creation and an education system that means finding quality manpower a major problem. In fact, the Planning Commission concluded that achieving even nine per cent growth will need marked policy action in unreformed sectors. Twenty years ago it was said that the yardstick against which India should be measured was its potential, and it is clear that there remains much to do.
Which of the following can be said about the Indian economy at present?
Explanation: The passage ends saying that the unreformed sectors are affecting the growth rate of the country. So, option E is correct.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the question given below it. <br><br> Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions. <br><br> In a reversal of the norm elsewhere, in India policymakers and economists have become optimists while bosses do the worrying. The country's Central Bank has predicted that the country's economy is likely to grow at a double-digit rate during the next 20-30 years. India had the capability with its vast labour and lauded entrepreneurial spirit. But the private sector, which is supposed to do the heavy lifting that turns India from the world's tenth largest economy to its third largest by 2030, has become fed up. <br><br> Business people often carp about India's problems but their irritation this time has a nervous edge. In the first quarter of 2011, GDP grew at an annual rate of 7.8 percent; in 2005-07, it managed 9-10 percent. The economy may be slowing naturally as the low-interest rates and public spending that got India through the global crisis are belatedly being withdrawn. At the same time, the surge in inflation caused by exorbitant food prices has spread more widely, casting doubt over whether India can grow at 8-10 percent in the medium term without overheating. <br><br> In India, as in many fast-growing nations, the confidence to invest depends on the conviction that the long-term trajectory is intact, and it is that which is in doubt. Big Indian firms too. Sometimes, seem happier to invest abroad than at home, in deals that are often hailed as symbols of the country's growing clout but sometimes speak to its weaknesses-purchases of natural resources that India has in abundance but struggles to get out of the ground. In fact, a further dip in investment could be self- fulfilling: if fewer roads, ports and factories are built, this will hurt both short-term growth figures and reduce the economy's long-term capacity. <br><br> There is a view that because a fair amount of growth is assured the government need not try very hard. The liberalisation that began in 1991 freed markets for products and gave rise to vibrant competition. At the same time what economists call factor markets, those for basic inputs like land, power, labour, etc., remains unreformed and largely under state control, which creates difficulties. Clearances today can take three to four years, and many employers are keen to replace workers with machines despite an abundance of a labour force. This can be attributed to labour laws that are inimical to employee creation and an education system that means finding quality manpower a major problem. In fact, the Planning Commission concluded that achieving even nine per cent growth will need marked policy action in unreformed sectors. Twenty years ago it was said that the yardstick against which India should be measured was its potential, and it is clear that there remains much to do.
What impact has the GDP growth of 7.8 percent had? <br> (A) Indian Industry is anxious about India's economic growth. <br> (B) India has achieved status as the world's third-largest economy at present. <br> (C) Foreign investment in India has drastically increased.
Explanation: 'Business people often carp about India's problems but their irritation this time has a nervous edge. In the first quarter of 2011, GDP grew at an annual rate of 7.8 percent; in 2005-07, it managed 9-10 percent.' <br> According to above lines of the paragraph, only statement A follows. <br> Hence, answer will be A
Read the following passage carefully and answer the question given below it. <br><br> Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions. <br><br> In a reversal of the norm elsewhere, in India policymakers and economists have become optimists while bosses do the worrying. The country's Central Bank has predicted that the country's economy is likely to grow at a double-digit rate during the next 20-30 years. India had the capability with its vast labour and lauded entrepreneurial spirit. But the private sector, which is supposed to do the heavy lifting that turns India from the world's tenth largest economy to its third largest by 2030, has become fed up. <br><br> Business people often carp about India's problems but their irritation this time has a nervous edge. In the first quarter of 2011, GDP grew at an annual rate of 7.8 percent; in 2005-07, it managed 9-10 percent. The economy may be slowing naturally as the low-interest rates and public spending that got India through the global crisis are belatedly being withdrawn. At the same time, the surge in inflation caused by exorbitant food prices has spread more widely, casting doubt over whether India can grow at 8-10 percent in the medium term without overheating. <br><br> In India, as in many fast-growing nations, the confidence to invest depends on the conviction that the long-term trajectory is intact, and it is that which is in doubt. Big Indian firms too. Sometimes, seem happier to invest abroad than at home, in deals that are often hailed as symbols of the country's growing clout but sometimes speak to its weaknesses-purchases of natural resources that India has in abundance but struggles to get out of the ground. In fact, a further dip in investment could be self- fulfilling: if fewer roads, ports and factories are built, this will hurt both short-term growth figures and reduce the economy's long-term capacity. <br><br> There is a view that because a fair amount of growth is assured the government need not try very hard. The liberalisation that began in 1991 freed markets for products and gave rise to vibrant competition. At the same time what economists call factor markets, those for basic inputs like land, power, labour, etc., remains unreformed and largely under state control, which creates difficulties. Clearances today can take three to four years, and many employers are keen to replace workers with machines despite an abundance of a labour force. This can be attributed to labour laws that are inimical to employee creation and an education system that means finding quality manpower a major problem. In fact, the Planning Commission concluded that achieving even nine per cent growth will need marked policy action in unreformed sectors. Twenty years ago it was said that the yardstick against which India should be measured was its potential, and it is clear that there remains much to do.
Which of the following is most opposite in meaning of the word 'marked' given in bold as used in the passage?
Explanation: Marked in the passage is used to indicate policy action that is very clear and obvious. Imperceptible is opposite in meaning to marked.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the question given below it. <br><br> Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions. <br><br> In a reversal of the norm elsewhere, in India policymakers and economists have become optimists while bosses do the worrying. The country's Central Bank has predicted that the country's economy is likely to grow at a double-digit rate during the next 20-30 years. India had the capability with its vast labour and lauded entrepreneurial spirit. But the private sector, which is supposed to do the heavy lifting that turns India from the world's tenth largest economy to its third largest by 2030, has become fed up. <br><br> Business people often carp about India's problems but their irritation this time has a nervous edge. In the first quarter of 2011, GDP grew at an annual rate of 7.8 percent; in 2005-07, it managed 9-10 percent. The economy may be slowing naturally as the low-interest rates and public spending that got India through the global crisis are belatedly being withdrawn. At the same time, the surge in inflation caused by exorbitant food prices has spread more widely, casting doubt over whether India can grow at 8-10 percent in the medium term without overheating. <br><br> In India, as in many fast-growing nations, the confidence to invest depends on the conviction that the long-term trajectory is intact, and it is that which is in doubt. Big Indian firms too. Sometimes, seem happier to invest abroad than at home, in deals that are often hailed as symbols of the country's growing clout but sometimes speak to its weaknesses-purchases of natural resources that India has in abundance but struggles to get out of the ground. In fact, a further dip in investment could be self- fulfilling: if fewer roads, ports and factories are built, this will hurt both short-term growth figures and reduce the economy's long-term capacity. <br><br> There is a view that because a fair amount of growth is assured the government need not try very hard. The liberalisation that began in 1991 freed markets for products and gave rise to vibrant competition. At the same time what economists call factor markets, those for basic inputs like land, power, labour, etc., remains unreformed and largely under state control, which creates difficulties. Clearances today can take three to four years, and many employers are keen to replace workers with machines despite an abundance of a labour force. This can be attributed to labour laws that are inimical to employee creation and an education system that means finding quality manpower a major problem. In fact, the Planning Commission concluded that achieving even nine per cent growth will need marked policy action in unreformed sectors. Twenty years ago it was said that the yardstick against which India should be measured was its potential, and it is clear that there remains much to do.
What is the author's main objective in writing the passage?
Explanation: 'Business people often carp about India's problems but their irritation this time has a nervous edge. In the first quarter of 2011, GDP grew at an annual rate of 7.8 percent; in 2005-07, it managed 9-10 percent.' <br> Conclusions like above from the paragraph clearly depicts that author is exhorting India to implement such measures through which it can live up to its potential
Read the following passage carefully and answer the question given below it. <br><br> Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions. <br><br> In a reversal of the norm elsewhere, in India policymakers and economists have become optimists while bosses do the worrying. The country's Central Bank has predicted that the country's economy is likely to grow at a double-digit rate during the next 20-30 years. India had the capability with its vast labour and lauded entrepreneurial spirit. But the private sector, which is supposed to do the heavy lifting that turns India from the world's tenth largest economy to its third largest by 2030, has become fed up. <br><br> Business people often carp about India's problems but their irritation this time has a nervous edge. In the first quarter of 2011, GDP grew at an annual rate of 7.8 percent; in 2005-07, it managed 9-10 percent. The economy may be slowing naturally as the low-interest rates and public spending that got India through the global crisis are belatedly being withdrawn. At the same time, the surge in inflation caused by exorbitant food prices has spread more widely, casting doubt over whether India can grow at 8-10 percent in the medium term without overheating. <br><br> In India, as in many fast-growing nations, the confidence to invest depends on the conviction that the long-term trajectory is intact, and it is that which is in doubt. Big Indian firms too. Sometimes, seem happier to invest abroad than at home, in deals that are often hailed as symbols of the country's growing clout but sometimes speak to its weaknesses-purchases of natural resources that India has in abundance but struggles to get out of the ground. In fact, a further dip in investment could be self- fulfilling: if fewer roads, ports and factories are built, this will hurt both short-term growth figures and reduce the economy's long-term capacity. <br><br> There is a view that because a fair amount of growth is assured the government need not try very hard. The liberalisation that began in 1991 freed markets for products and gave rise to vibrant competition. At the same time what economists call factor markets, those for basic inputs like land, power, labour, etc., remains unreformed and largely under state control, which creates difficulties. Clearances today can take three to four years, and many employers are keen to replace workers with machines despite an abundance of a labour force. This can be attributed to labour laws that are inimical to employee creation and an education system that means finding quality manpower a major problem. In fact, the Planning Commission concluded that achieving even nine per cent growth will need marked policy action in unreformed sectors. Twenty years ago it was said that the yardstick against which India should be measured was its potential, and it is clear that there remains much to do.
What measures do experts suggest to be taken to ensure targeted economic growth?
Explanation: The author mentions in the passage that achieving a good economic growth target requires marked policy action as well as implementation in factor markets with an emphasis on the unreformed sector.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the question given below it. <br><br> Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions. <br><br> In a reversal of the norm elsewhere, in India policymakers and economists have become optimists while bosses do the worrying. The country's Central Bank has predicted that the country's economy is likely to grow at a double-digit rate during the next 20-30 years. India had the capability with its vast labour and lauded entrepreneurial spirit. But the private sector, which is supposed to do the heavy lifting that turns India from the world's tenth largest economy to its third largest by 2030, has become fed up. <br><br> Business people often carp about India's problems but their irritation this time has a nervous edge. In the first quarter of 2011, GDP grew at an annual rate of 7.8 percent; in 2005-07, it managed 9-10 percent. The economy may be slowing naturally as the low-interest rates and public spending that got India through the global crisis are belatedly being withdrawn. At the same time, the surge in inflation caused by exorbitant food prices has spread more widely, casting doubt over whether India can grow at 8-10 percent in the medium term without overheating. <br><br> In India, as in many fast-growing nations, the confidence to invest depends on the conviction that the long-term trajectory is intact, and it is that which is in doubt. Big Indian firms too. Sometimes, seem happier to invest abroad than at home, in deals that are often hailed as symbols of the country's growing clout but sometimes speak to its weaknesses-purchases of natural resources that India has in abundance but struggles to get out of the ground. In fact, a further dip in investment could be self- fulfilling: if fewer roads, ports and factories are built, this will hurt both short-term growth figures and reduce the economy's long-term capacity. <br><br> There is a view that because a fair amount of growth is assured the government need not try very hard. The liberalisation that began in 1991 freed markets for products and gave rise to vibrant competition. At the same time what economists call factor markets, those for basic inputs like land, power, labour, etc., remains unreformed and largely under state control, which creates difficulties. Clearances today can take three to four years, and many employers are keen to replace workers with machines despite an abundance of a labour force. This can be attributed to labour laws that are inimical to employee creation and an education system that means finding quality manpower a major problem. In fact, the Planning Commission concluded that achieving even nine per cent growth will need marked policy action in unreformed sectors. Twenty years ago it was said that the yardstick against which India should be measured was its potential, and it is clear that there remains much to do.
Which of the following is most similar in meaning to the word 'clout' given in bold as used in the passage?
Explanation: Cloud means 'hitting hard' which is similar to the word 'Force'
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.<br><br> In many countries, a combustible mixture of authoritarianism, unemployment and youth has given rise to disaffection with strongmen rulers, which has, in turn, spilled over into uprisings. Young people in these countries are far better educated than their parents were. In 1990, the average Egyptian had 4.4 years of schooling; by 2010, the figure had risen to 7.1 years. Could it be that education, by making people less willing to put up with restrictions on freedom and more willing to question authority, promotes democratisation? Ideas about the links between education, income and democracy are at the heart of what social scientists have long studied. Since then plenty of economists and political scientists have looked for statistical evidence of a causal link between education and democratisation. Many have pointed to the strong correlation that exists between levels of education and measures like the pluralism of party politics and the existence of civil liberties. The patterns are similar when income and democracy are considered. There are outliers, of course-until recently, many Arab countries managed to combine energy-based wealth and decent education with undemocratic political systems. But some deduce from the overall picture that as China and other authoritarian states get more educated and richer, their people will agitate for greater political freedom, culminating in a shift to a more democratic form of government. <br><br> This apparently reasonable intuition is shakier than it seems. Critics of the hypothesis point out that correlation is hardly causation. The general trend over the past half-century may have been towards rising living standards, a wider spread of basic education and more democracy, but it is entirely possible that this is being driven by another variable. Even if the correlation were not spurious, it would be difficult to know which way causation ran. Does more education lead to greater democracy? Or are more democratic countries better at educating their citizens? A recent NBER paper compared a group of Kenyan girls in 69 primary schools whose students were randomly selected to receive a scholarship with similar students in schools which received no such financial aid. Previous studies had shown that the scholarship programme led to higher test scores and increased the likelihood that girls enrolled in secondary school. Overall, it significantly increased the amount of education obtained. For the new study, the authors tried to see how the extra schooling had affected the political and social attitudes of the women in question. Findings suggested that education may make people more interested in improving their own fives but they may not necessarily see democracy as the way to do it. Even in established democracies, more education does not always mean either more active political participation or greater faith in democracy. Poorer and less educated people often vote in larger numbers than their more educated compatriots, who often express disdain for the messiness of democracy, yearning for the kind of government that would deal strongly with the corrupt and build highways, railway fines and bridges at a dizzying pace of authoritarian China.
Which of the following is most similar in meaning to the word 'promotes' given in bold as used in the passage?
Explanation: 'Promotes' means publicising an organisation, product or venture hence, option E will be our answer.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.<br><br> In many countries, a combustible mixture of authoritarianism, unemployment and youth has given rise to disaffection with strongmen rulers, which has, in turn, spilled over into uprisings. Young people in these countries are far better educated than their parents were. In 1990, the average Egyptian had 4.4 years of schooling; by 2010, the figure had risen to 7.1 years. Could it be that education, by making people less willing to put up with restrictions on freedom and more willing to question authority, promotes democratisation? Ideas about the links between education, income and democracy are at the heart of what social scientists have long studied. Since then plenty of economists and political scientists have looked for statistical evidence of a causal link between education and democratisation. Many have pointed to the strong correlation that exists between levels of education and measures like the pluralism of party politics and the existence of civil liberties. The patterns are similar when income and democracy are considered. There are outliers, of course-until recently, many Arab countries managed to combine energy-based wealth and decent education with undemocratic political systems. But some deduce from the overall picture that as China and other authoritarian states get more educated and richer, their people will agitate for greater political freedom, culminating in a shift to a more democratic form of government. <br><br> This apparently reasonable intuition is shakier than it seems. Critics of the hypothesis point out that correlation is hardly causation. The general trend over the past half-century may have been towards rising living standards, a wider spread of basic education and more democracy, but it is entirely possible that this is being driven by another variable. Even if the correlation were not spurious, it would be difficult to know which way causation ran. Does more education lead to greater democracy? Or are more democratic countries better at educating their citizens? A recent NBER paper compared a group of Kenyan girls in 69 primary schools whose students were randomly selected to receive a scholarship with similar students in schools which received no such financial aid. Previous studies had shown that the scholarship programme led to higher test scores and increased the likelihood that girls enrolled in secondary school. Overall, it significantly increased the amount of education obtained. For the new study, the authors tried to see how the extra schooling had affected the political and social attitudes of the women in question. Findings suggested that education may make people more interested in improving their own fives but they may not necessarily see democracy as the way to do it. Even in established democracies, more education does not always mean either more active political participation or greater faith in democracy. Poorer and less educated people often vote in larger numbers than their more educated compatriots, who often express disdain for the messiness of democracy, yearning for the kind of government that would deal strongly with the corrupt and build highways, railway fines and bridges at a dizzying pace of authoritarian China.
In the context of the passage, which of the following characterize (s) democracies? (A)Active participation of majority of educated citizens in electoral process (B) Fast, paced economic growth and accountability of those in power (C) Better standards of living and access to higher education
Explanation: The passage explains that even in established democracies, options 1, 2 and 3 are not necessarily held true. So, the correct option is E (none of the above).
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.<br><br> In many countries, a combustible mixture of authoritarianism, unemployment and youth has given rise to disaffection with strongmen rulers, which has, in turn, spilled over into uprisings. Young people in these countries are far better educated than their parents were. In 1990, the average Egyptian had 4.4 years of schooling; by 2010, the figure had risen to 7.1 years. Could it be that education, by making people less willing to put up with restrictions on freedom and more willing to question authority, promotes democratisation? Ideas about the links between education, income and democracy are at the heart of what social scientists have long studied. Since then plenty of economists and political scientists have looked for statistical evidence of a causal link between education and democratisation. Many have pointed to the strong correlation that exists between levels of education and measures like the pluralism of party politics and the existence of civil liberties. The patterns are similar when income and democracy are considered. There are outliers, of course-until recently, many Arab countries managed to combine energy-based wealth and decent education with undemocratic political systems. But some deduce from the overall picture that as China and other authoritarian states get more educated and richer, their people will agitate for greater political freedom, culminating in a shift to a more democratic form of government. <br><br> This apparently reasonable intuition is shakier than it seems. Critics of the hypothesis point out that correlation is hardly causation. The general trend over the past half-century may have been towards rising living standards, a wider spread of basic education and more democracy, but it is entirely possible that this is being driven by another variable. Even if the correlation were not spurious, it would be difficult to know which way causation ran. Does more education lead to greater democracy? Or are more democratic countries better at educating their citizens? A recent NBER paper compared a group of Kenyan girls in 69 primary schools whose students were randomly selected to receive a scholarship with similar students in schools which received no such financial aid. Previous studies had shown that the scholarship programme led to higher test scores and increased the likelihood that girls enrolled in secondary school. Overall, it significantly increased the amount of education obtained. For the new study, the authors tried to see how the extra schooling had affected the political and social attitudes of the women in question. Findings suggested that education may make people more interested in improving their own fives but they may not necessarily see democracy as the way to do it. Even in established democracies, more education does not always mean either more active political participation or greater faith in democracy. Poorer and less educated people often vote in larger numbers than their more educated compatriots, who often express disdain for the messiness of democracy, yearning for the kind of government that would deal strongly with the corrupt and build highways, railway fines and bridges at a dizzying pace of authoritarian China.
What, according to the author, has led to uprisings in authoritarian countries?
Explanation: The passage starts with reasons for the uprisings as authoritarianism, unemployment and youth. Option C matches these options the most.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.<br><br> In many countries, a combustible mixture of authoritarianism, unemployment and youth has given rise to disaffection with strongmen rulers, which has, in turn, spilled over into uprisings. Young people in these countries are far better educated than their parents were. In 1990, the average Egyptian had 4.4 years of schooling; by 2010, the figure had risen to 7.1 years. Could it be that education, by making people less willing to put up with restrictions on freedom and more willing to question authority, promotes democratisation? Ideas about the links between education, income and democracy are at the heart of what social scientists have long studied. Since then plenty of economists and political scientists have looked for statistical evidence of a causal link between education and democratisation. Many have pointed to the strong correlation that exists between levels of education and measures like the pluralism of party politics and the existence of civil liberties. The patterns are similar when income and democracy are considered. There are outliers, of course-until recently, many Arab countries managed to combine energy-based wealth and decent education with undemocratic political systems. But some deduce from the overall picture that as China and other authoritarian states get more educated and richer, their people will agitate for greater political freedom, culminating in a shift to a more democratic form of government. <br><br> This apparently reasonable intuition is shakier than it seems. Critics of the hypothesis point out that correlation is hardly causation. The general trend over the past half-century may have been towards rising living standards, a wider spread of basic education and more democracy, but it is entirely possible that this is being driven by another variable. Even if the correlation were not spurious, it would be difficult to know which way causation ran. Does more education lead to greater democracy? Or are more democratic countries better at educating their citizens? A recent NBER paper compared a group of Kenyan girls in 69 primary schools whose students were randomly selected to receive a scholarship with similar students in schools which received no such financial aid. Previous studies had shown that the scholarship programme led to higher test scores and increased the likelihood that girls enrolled in secondary school. Overall, it significantly increased the amount of education obtained. For the new study, the authors tried to see how the extra schooling had affected the political and social attitudes of the women in question. Findings suggested that education may make people more interested in improving their own fives but they may not necessarily see democracy as the way to do it. Even in established democracies, more education does not always mean either more active political participation or greater faith in democracy. Poorer and less educated people often vote in larger numbers than their more educated compatriots, who often express disdain for the messiness of democracy, yearning for the kind of government that would deal strongly with the corrupt and build highways, railway fines and bridges at a dizzying pace of authoritarian China.
What does the phrase 'messiness of democracy' convey in the context of the passage?
Explanation: The passage explains how educated people from democratic nations complain about the too much conflict over individual rights in democratic countries is slowing down progress compared to authoritarian countries like China.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.<br><br> In many countries, a combustible mixture of authoritarianism, unemployment and youth has given rise to disaffection with strongmen rulers, which has, in turn, spilled over into uprisings. Young people in these countries are far better educated than their parents were. In 1990, the average Egyptian had 4.4 years of schooling; by 2010, the figure had risen to 7.1 years. Could it be that education, by making people less willing to put up with restrictions on freedom and more willing to question authority, promotes democratisation? Ideas about the links between education, income and democracy are at the heart of what social scientists have long studied. Since then plenty of economists and political scientists have looked for statistical evidence of a causal link between education and democratisation. Many have pointed to the strong correlation that exists between levels of education and measures like the pluralism of party politics and the existence of civil liberties. The patterns are similar when income and democracy are considered. There are outliers, of course-until recently, many Arab countries managed to combine energy-based wealth and decent education with undemocratic political systems. But some deduce from the overall picture that as China and other authoritarian states get more educated and richer, their people will agitate for greater political freedom, culminating in a shift to a more democratic form of government. <br><br> This apparently reasonable intuition is shakier than it seems. Critics of the hypothesis point out that correlation is hardly causation. The general trend over the past half-century may have been towards rising living standards, a wider spread of basic education and more democracy, but it is entirely possible that this is being driven by another variable. Even if the correlation were not spurious, it would be difficult to know which way causation ran. Does more education lead to greater democracy? Or are more democratic countries better at educating their citizens? A recent NBER paper compared a group of Kenyan girls in 69 primary schools whose students were randomly selected to receive a scholarship with similar students in schools which received no such financial aid. Previous studies had shown that the scholarship programme led to higher test scores and increased the likelihood that girls enrolled in secondary school. Overall, it significantly increased the amount of education obtained. For the new study, the authors tried to see how the extra schooling had affected the political and social attitudes of the women in question. Findings suggested that education may make people more interested in improving their own fives but they may not necessarily see democracy as the way to do it. Even in established democracies, more education does not always mean either more active political participation or greater faith in democracy. Poorer and less educated people often vote in larger numbers than their more educated compatriots, who often express disdain for the messiness of democracy, yearning for the kind of government that would deal strongly with the corrupt and build highways, railway fines and bridges at a dizzying pace of authoritarian China.
Which of the following is/are true about China in the context of the passage?<br> (A) China's citizens are in favour of a more representative form of government. <br> (B) China has made huge strides in infrastructure development. <br> (C) China is in the midst of a political revolution.
Explanation: 'There are outliers, of course-until recently, many Arab countries managed to combine energy-based wealth and decent education with undemocratic political systems. But some deduce from the overall picture that as China and other authoritarian states get more educated and richer, their people will agitate for greater political freedom, culminating in a shift to a more democratic form of government.'<br> 'Poorer and less educated people often vote in larger numbers than their more educated compatriots, who often express disdain for the messiness of democracy, yearning for the kind of government that would deal strongly with the corrupt and build highways, railway fines and bridges at a dizzying pace of authoritarian China.' <br> According to above lines of the paragraph, only statement B follows<br>. Hence, answer will be B
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.<br><br> In many countries, a combustible mixture of authoritarianism, unemployment and youth has given rise to disaffection with strongmen rulers, which has, in turn, spilled over into uprisings. Young people in these countries are far better educated than their parents were. In 1990, the average Egyptian had 4.4 years of schooling; by 2010, the figure had risen to 7.1 years. Could it be that education, by making people less willing to put up with restrictions on freedom and more willing to question authority, promotes democratisation? Ideas about the links between education, income and democracy are at the heart of what social scientists have long studied. Since then plenty of economists and political scientists have looked for statistical evidence of a causal link between education and democratisation. Many have pointed to the strong correlation that exists between levels of education and measures like the pluralism of party politics and the existence of civil liberties. The patterns are similar when income and democracy are considered. There are outliers, of course-until recently, many Arab countries managed to combine energy-based wealth and decent education with undemocratic political systems. But some deduce from the overall picture that as China and other authoritarian states get more educated and richer, their people will agitate for greater political freedom, culminating in a shift to a more democratic form of government. <br><br> This apparently reasonable intuition is shakier than it seems. Critics of the hypothesis point out that correlation is hardly causation. The general trend over the past half-century may have been towards rising living standards, a wider spread of basic education and more democracy, but it is entirely possible that this is being driven by another variable. Even if the correlation were not spurious, it would be difficult to know which way causation ran. Does more education lead to greater democracy? Or are more democratic countries better at educating their citizens? A recent NBER paper compared a group of Kenyan girls in 69 primary schools whose students were randomly selected to receive a scholarship with similar students in schools which received no such financial aid. Previous studies had shown that the scholarship programme led to higher test scores and increased the likelihood that girls enrolled in secondary school. Overall, it significantly increased the amount of education obtained. For the new study, the authors tried to see how the extra schooling had affected the political and social attitudes of the women in question. Findings suggested that education may make people more interested in improving their own fives but they may not necessarily see democracy as the way to do it. Even in established democracies, more education does not always mean either more active political participation or greater faith in democracy. Poorer and less educated people often vote in larger numbers than their more educated compatriots, who often express disdain for the messiness of democracy, yearning for the kind of government that would deal strongly with the corrupt and build highways, railway fines and bridges at a dizzying pace of authoritarian China.
What conclusion can be drawn from the statistics cited about Egypt's education system?
Explanation: 'Young people in these countries are far better educated than their parents were. In 1990, the average Egyptian had 4.4 years of schooling; by 2010, the figure had risen to 7.1 years. Could it be that education, by making people less willing to put up with restrictions on freedom and more willing to question authority, promotes democratisation?'<br> Option D follows more appropriately the above paragraph from the passage<br> Hence, answer will be D
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.<br><br> In many countries, a combustible mixture of authoritarianism, unemployment and youth has given rise to disaffection with strongmen rulers, which has, in turn, spilled over into uprisings. Young people in these countries are far better educated than their parents were. In 1990, the average Egyptian had 4.4 years of schooling; by 2010, the figure had risen to 7.1 years. Could it be that education, by making people less willing to put up with restrictions on freedom and more willing to question authority, promotes democratisation? Ideas about the links between education, income and democracy are at the heart of what social scientists have long studied. Since then plenty of economists and political scientists have looked for statistical evidence of a causal link between education and democratisation. Many have pointed to the strong correlation that exists between levels of education and measures like the pluralism of party politics and the existence of civil liberties. The patterns are similar when income and democracy are considered. There are outliers, of course-until recently, many Arab countries managed to combine energy-based wealth and decent education with undemocratic political systems. But some deduce from the overall picture that as China and other authoritarian states get more educated and richer, their people will agitate for greater political freedom, culminating in a shift to a more democratic form of government. <br><br> This apparently reasonable intuition is shakier than it seems. Critics of the hypothesis point out that correlation is hardly causation. The general trend over the past half-century may have been towards rising living standards, a wider spread of basic education and more democracy, but it is entirely possible that this is being driven by another variable. Even if the correlation were not spurious, it would be difficult to know which way causation ran. Does more education lead to greater democracy? Or are more democratic countries better at educating their citizens? A recent NBER paper compared a group of Kenyan girls in 69 primary schools whose students were randomly selected to receive a scholarship with similar students in schools which received no such financial aid. Previous studies had shown that the scholarship programme led to higher test scores and increased the likelihood that girls enrolled in secondary school. Overall, it significantly increased the amount of education obtained. For the new study, the authors tried to see how the extra schooling had affected the political and social attitudes of the women in question. Findings suggested that education may make people more interested in improving their own fives but they may not necessarily see democracy as the way to do it. Even in established democracies, more education does not always mean either more active political participation or greater faith in democracy. Poorer and less educated people often vote in larger numbers than their more educated compatriots, who often express disdain for the messiness of democracy, yearning for the kind of government that would deal strongly with the corrupt and build highways, railway fines and bridges at a dizzying pace of authoritarian China.
Which of the following most aptly describes the central theme of the passage?
Explanation: Central theme of the passage can be concluded from the last lines of the passage i.e.<br> 'Even in established democracies, more education does not always mean either more active political participation or greater faith in democracy. Poorer and less educated people often vote in larger numbers than their more educated compatriots, who often express disdain for the messiness of democracy, yearning for the kind of government that would deal strongly with the corrupt and build highways, railway fines and bridges at a dizzying pace of authoritarian China.' <br> Option B seems to be more appropriate for the central theme of the passage. <br> Hence, answer will be B
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