Cloze Test – Test 147

In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The caste system in India is the paradigmatic ethnographic example of caste. It has origins in ancient India, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and, modern India, especially the Mughal Empire and the British Raj. It is today the (21) of educational and job reservations in India. It consists of two different concepts, varna and jati, (22) may be regarded as different levels of analysis of this system. The caste system as it exists today is thought to be the (23) of developments during the collapse of the Mughal era and the British colonial regime in India. The collapse of the Mughal era saw the (24) of powerful men who associated themselves with kings, priests and ascetics, affirming the regal and martial form of the caste ideal, and it also reshaped many apparently casteless social groups into differentiated caste communities. The British Raj furthered this development, making rigid caste organisation a central mechanism of administration. (25) 1860 and 1920, the British segregated Indians by caste, granting administrative jobs and senior appointments only to the upper castes. Social unrest during the 1920s led to a change in this policy. From then on, the colonial administration began a policy of positive discrimination by reserving a certain percentage of government jobs for the lower castes.

In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The caste system in India is the paradigmatic ethnographic example of caste. It has origins in ancient India, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and, modern India, especially the Mughal Empire and the British Raj. It is today the (21) of educational and job reservations in India. It consists of two different concepts, varna and jati, (22) may be regarded as different levels of analysis of this system. The caste system as it exists today is thought to be the (23) of developments during the collapse of the Mughal era and the British colonial regime in India. The collapse of the Mughal era saw the (24) of powerful men who associated themselves with kings, priests and ascetics, affirming the regal and martial form of the caste ideal, and it also reshaped many apparently casteless social groups into differentiated caste communities. The British Raj furthered this development, making rigid caste organisation a central mechanism of administration. (25) 1860 and 1920, the British segregated Indians by caste, granting administrative jobs and senior appointments only to the upper castes. Social unrest during the 1920s led to a change in this policy. From then on, the colonial administration began a policy of positive discrimination by reserving a certain percentage of government jobs for the lower castes.

In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case.

The caste system in India is the paradigmatic ethnographic example of caste. It has origins in ancient India, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and, modern India, especially the Mughal Empire and the British Raj. It is today the (21) of educational and job reservations in India. It consists of two different concepts, varna and jati, (22) may be regarded as different levels of analysis of this system. The caste system as it exists today is thought to be the (23) of developments during the collapse of the Mughal era and the British colonial regime in India. The collapse of the Mughal era saw the (24) of powerful men who associated themselves with kings, priests and ascetics, affirming the regal and martial form of the caste ideal, and it also reshaped many apparently casteless social groups into differentiated caste communities. The British Raj furthered this development, making rigid caste organisation a central mechanism of administration. (25) 1860 and 1920, the British segregated Indians by caste, granting administrative jobs and senior appointments only to the upper castes. Social unrest during the 1920s led to a change in this policy. From then on, the colonial administration began a policy of positive discrimination by reserving a certain percentage of government jobs for the lower castes.