SSC CPO – SSC CPO Test 9

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer to each question out of the four alternatives. <br><br> Vandana Shiva believes in creating something of value even out of waste. Since last year, she has been demonstrating to India and foreign experts how waste plastic can be converted into petrol, offering a solution to one of the world's biggest environment problems - waste plastic disposal.Head of the Department of Organic Chemistry at Nagpur's G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Shiva recently signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) for manufacturing and marketing petroleum products generated from waste plastic. She has been given Rs. 5.9 million for the pilot project.How did she hit upon the Idea? "Both plastics and petro­products are hydrocarbons. The only difference is that in plastics the chain of molecules is longer. So, I wondered if it was possible to break the chain into small segments to convert it into value­added fuel, "says 40­year­old Shiva. Shiva's method is simple; shredded plastic waste - free of oxygen - is heated with coal and a secret chemical. The products include fuel range liquids, coke and LPG range gases. About 1 kg of plastic and 100 gm of coal churn out a litre of fuel, which contains the gasoline range. More processing, Shiva claims, yields refined petrol. <br><br> "We can use any waste plastic recycled any number of times." Says Shiva. She has received a patent from the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO).Shiva claims almost all plastic products - bags, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), old raincoats and broken buckets can be converted into fuel through her processing method. There is also no problem with residue disposal or emission, as the solid residue is coke and the gaseous emission is pure LPG, she says.The quest is significant for India, which produces 7,000 tonnes of waste plastic every day. Shiva calculates that even if 50 percent of this waste is converted, the country would have approximately 2.5 million litres of petrol every day, and significant volumes of diesel and lubricating oil. Also, unlike in crude oil processing, this conversion can be carried out in smaller low­ investment plants. Shiva says the processing costs are also low because this distillate, unlike crude oil, contains no Sulphur or lead. With further value addition, more expensive petro­ products like alfa­olifins and aviation­grade gasoline can be obtained from the liquid distillate.She is contemplating the launch of her new product within a year. A pilot plant with a capacity of 15 tonnes will come up in Nagpur within 6 months, followed by plants in Delhi and then all over the country.Will reclaimed petrol be cheaper than ordinary petrol? According to Shiva, the process of conversion costs Rs.7.50 per litre. Along with the raw material expenditure, the total cost of petrol production would be about Rs.12. However, she says it is not possible to determine the exact cost at this stage.Shiva is happy that she has contributed in suggesting ways to solve the plastic waste problem of the country.

How did Vandana Shiva hit upon the idea of generating petrol from waste plastic?

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer to each question out of the four alternatives. <br><br> Vandana Shiva believes in creating something of value even out of waste. Since last year, she has been demonstrating to India and foreign experts how waste plastic can be converted into petrol, offering a solution to one of the world's biggest environment problems - waste plastic disposal.Head of the Department of Organic Chemistry at Nagpur's G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Shiva recently signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) for manufacturing and marketing petroleum products generated from waste plastic. She has been given Rs. 5.9 million for the pilot project.How did she hit upon the Idea? "Both plastics and petro­products are hydrocarbons. The only difference is that in plastics the chain of molecules is longer. So, I wondered if it was possible to break the chain into small segments to convert it into value­added fuel, "says 40­year­old Shiva. Shiva's method is simple; shredded plastic waste - free of oxygen - is heated with coal and a secret chemical. The products include fuel range liquids, coke and LPG range gases. About 1 kg of plastic and 100 gm of coal churn out a litre of fuel, which contains the gasoline range. More processing, Shiva claims, yields refined petrol. <br><br> "We can use any waste plastic recycled any number of times." Says Shiva. She has received a patent from the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO).Shiva claims almost all plastic products - bags, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), old raincoats and broken buckets can be converted into fuel through her processing method. There is also no problem with residue disposal or emission, as the solid residue is coke and the gaseous emission is pure LPG, she says.The quest is significant for India, which produces 7,000 tonnes of waste plastic every day. Shiva calculates that even if 50 percent of this waste is converted, the country would have approximately 2.5 million litres of petrol every day, and significant volumes of diesel and lubricating oil. Also, unlike in crude oil processing, this conversion can be carried out in smaller low­ investment plants. Shiva says the processing costs are also low because this distillate, unlike crude oil, contains no Sulphur or lead. With further value addition, more expensive petro­ products like alfa­olifins and aviation­grade gasoline can be obtained from the liquid distillate.She is contemplating the launch of her new product within a year. A pilot plant with a capacity of 15 tonnes will come up in Nagpur within 6 months, followed by plants in Delhi and then all over the country.Will reclaimed petrol be cheaper than ordinary petrol? According to Shiva, the process of conversion costs Rs.7.50 per litre. Along with the raw material expenditure, the total cost of petrol production would be about Rs.12. However, she says it is not possible to determine the exact cost at this stage.Shiva is happy that she has contributed in suggesting ways to solve the plastic waste problem of the country.

What is the procedure adopted by Shiva for obtaining petrol?

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer to each question out of the four alternatives. <br><br> Vandana Shiva believes in creating something of value even out of waste. Since last year, she has been demonstrating to India and foreign experts how waste plastic can be converted into petrol, offering a solution to one of the world's biggest environment problems - waste plastic disposal.Head of the Department of Organic Chemistry at Nagpur's G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Shiva recently signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) for manufacturing and marketing petroleum products generated from waste plastic. She has been given Rs. 5.9 million for the pilot project.How did she hit upon the Idea? "Both plastics and petro­products are hydrocarbons. The only difference is that in plastics the chain of molecules is longer. So, I wondered if it was possible to break the chain into small segments to convert it into value­added fuel, "says 40­year­old Shiva. Shiva's method is simple; shredded plastic waste - free of oxygen - is heated with coal and a secret chemical. The products include fuel range liquids, coke and LPG range gases. About 1 kg of plastic and 100 gm of coal churn out a litre of fuel, which contains the gasoline range. More processing, Shiva claims, yields refined petrol. <br><br> "We can use any waste plastic recycled any number of times." Says Shiva. She has received a patent from the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO).Shiva claims almost all plastic products - bags, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), old raincoats and broken buckets can be converted into fuel through her processing method. There is also no problem with residue disposal or emission, as the solid residue is coke and the gaseous emission is pure LPG, she says.The quest is significant for India, which produces 7,000 tonnes of waste plastic every day. Shiva calculates that even if 50 percent of this waste is converted, the country would have approximately 2.5 million litres of petrol every day, and significant volumes of diesel and lubricating oil. Also, unlike in crude oil processing, this conversion can be carried out in smaller low­ investment plants. Shiva says the processing costs are also low because this distillate, unlike crude oil, contains no Sulphur or lead. With further value addition, more expensive petro­ products like alfa­olifins and aviation­grade gasoline can be obtained from the liquid distillate.She is contemplating the launch of her new product within a year. A pilot plant with a capacity of 15 tonnes will come up in Nagpur within 6 months, followed by plants in Delhi and then all over the country.Will reclaimed petrol be cheaper than ordinary petrol? According to Shiva, the process of conversion costs Rs.7.50 per litre. Along with the raw material expenditure, the total cost of petrol production would be about Rs.12. However, she says it is not possible to determine the exact cost at this stage.Shiva is happy that she has contributed in suggesting ways to solve the plastic waste problem of the country.

What makes Shiva's invention environment friendly?