A real previous year paper: tap an option to check it, the explanation opens with the answer. Log in (free) to attempt it as a timed test with a score.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.<br><br> We are told that economy is growing and that such growth benefits all of us. However, what you see is not what you always get. Most people are experiencing declining economic security in response to the problems of the global system, many communities have turned to Local Exchange Systems (LESs) to help regain some control over their economic situations. <br><br> Local exchange systems come in many forms. They often involve the creation of a local currency, or a system of bartering labour, or trading of agricultural products as a means of supporting the region in which they are traded. Such a system helps preserve the viability of local economies. <br><br> Local currencies allow communities to diversify their economies, reinvest resources back into their region and reduce dependence on the highly concentrated and unstable global economy. Each local currency system serves as an exchange bank for skills and resources that Individuals in the community are willing to trade. Whether in the form of paper money, service credits, or other units, a local currency facilitates the exchange of services and resources among the members of a community. <br><br> By providing incentives for local trade, communities help their small businesses and reduce underemployment by providing the jobs within the community. In addition, the local exchange of food and seeds promotes environmental conservation and community food security. Local food production reduces wasteful transportation and promotes self-reliance and genetic diversity. Each transaction within a local exchange system strengthens the community fabric as neighbours interact and meet one another. <br><br> There are over 1,000 local change programs worldwide more than 30 local paper currencies in North America and at least 800 Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS) throughout Europe. New Zealand and Australia Local Exchange Systems vary and evolve in accordance with the needs and circumstances of the local area. This diversity is critical to the success of the local currencies. For instance, a bank in rural Massachusetts refused to lend a fanner the money needed to make it through the winter. In response, the farmer decided to print his own money Berkshire Farm Preserve Notes. In winter, customers buy the notes for $9 and they may redeem them in the summer for $10 worth of vegetables. The system enabled the community to help a farm family after being abandoned by the centralised monetary system. As small family farms continue to disappear at an alarming rate, local currencies provide tools for communities to bind together, support their local food growers and maintain their local food suppliers. <br><br> Local Exchange Systems are not limited to developed countries.Rural areas of Asia, Latin America and Africa have offered some of the most effective and important programs, by adopting agriculture-based systems of exchange rather than monetary ones. In order to preserve genetic diversity, economic security and avoid dependence on industrial seed and chemical companies, many villages have developed seed saving exchange banks. For example, the village women in Ladakh have begun to collect and exchange rare seeds selected for their ability to grow in a harsh mountain climate. This exchange system protects agriculture diversity while promoting self- reliance. There is no one blueprint for a local exchange system, which is exactly why they are successful vehicles for localisation and sustainability. They promote local economic diversity and regional self-reliance while responding to a region's specific needs. Local exchange systems play a pivotal role in creating models for sustainable societies. They are an effective educational tool, raising awareness about the global financial system and local economic matters. Local exchange systems also demonstrate that tangible, creative solutions exist and that communities can empower themselves to address global problems.
Which of the following is same in meaning as the word 'LIMITED TO' as used in the passage?
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.<br><br> We are told that economy is growing and that such growth benefits all of us. However, what you see is not what you always get. Most people are experiencing declining economic security in response to the problems of the global system, many communities have turned to Local Exchange Systems (LESs) to help regain some control over their economic situations. <br><br> Local exchange systems come in many forms. They often involve the creation of a local currency, or a system of bartering labour, or trading of agricultural products as a means of supporting the region in which they are traded. Such a system helps preserve the viability of local economies. <br><br> Local currencies allow communities to diversify their economies, reinvest resources back into their region and reduce dependence on the highly concentrated and unstable global economy. Each local currency system serves as an exchange bank for skills and resources that Individuals in the community are willing to trade. Whether in the form of paper money, service credits, or other units, a local currency facilitates the exchange of services and resources among the members of a community. <br><br> By providing incentives for local trade, communities help their small businesses and reduce underemployment by providing the jobs within the community. In addition, the local exchange of food and seeds promotes environmental conservation and community food security. Local food production reduces wasteful transportation and promotes self-reliance and genetic diversity. Each transaction within a local exchange system strengthens the community fabric as neighbours interact and meet one another. <br><br> There are over 1,000 local change programs worldwide more than 30 local paper currencies in North America and at least 800 Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS) throughout Europe. New Zealand and Australia Local Exchange Systems vary and evolve in accordance with the needs and circumstances of the local area. This diversity is critical to the success of the local currencies. For instance, a bank in rural Massachusetts refused to lend a fanner the money needed to make it through the winter. In response, the farmer decided to print his own money Berkshire Farm Preserve Notes. In winter, customers buy the notes for $9 and they may redeem them in the summer for $10 worth of vegetables. The system enabled the community to help a farm family after being abandoned by the centralised monetary system. As small family farms continue to disappear at an alarming rate, local currencies provide tools for communities to bind together, support their local food growers and maintain their local food suppliers. <br><br> Local Exchange Systems are not limited to developed countries.Rural areas of Asia, Latin America and Africa have offered some of the most effective and important programs, by adopting agriculture-based systems of exchange rather than monetary ones. In order to preserve genetic diversity, economic security and avoid dependence on industrial seed and chemical companies, many villages have developed seed saving exchange banks. For example, the village women in Ladakh have begun to collect and exchange rare seeds selected for their ability to grow in a harsh mountain climate. This exchange system protects agriculture diversity while promoting self- reliance. There is no one blueprint for a local exchange system, which is exactly why they are successful vehicles for localisation and sustainability. They promote local economic diversity and regional self-reliance while responding to a region's specific needs. Local exchange systems play a pivotal role in creating models for sustainable societies. They are an effective educational tool, raising awareness about the global financial system and local economic matters. Local exchange systems also demonstrate that tangible, creative solutions exist and that communities can empower themselves to address global problems.
Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage?
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.<br><br> We are told that economy is growing and that such growth benefits all of us. However, what you see is not what you always get. Most people are experiencing declining economic security in response to the problems of the global system, many communities have turned to Local Exchange Systems (LESs) to help regain some control over their economic situations. <br><br> Local exchange systems come in many forms. They often involve the creation of a local currency, or a system of bartering labour, or trading of agricultural products as a means of supporting the region in which they are traded. Such a system helps preserve the viability of local economies. <br><br> Local currencies allow communities to diversify their economies, reinvest resources back into their region and reduce dependence on the highly concentrated and unstable global economy. Each local currency system serves as an exchange bank for skills and resources that Individuals in the community are willing to trade. Whether in the form of paper money, service credits, or other units, a local currency facilitates the exchange of services and resources among the members of a community. <br><br> By providing incentives for local trade, communities help their small businesses and reduce underemployment by providing the jobs within the community. In addition, the local exchange of food and seeds promotes environmental conservation and community food security. Local food production reduces wasteful transportation and promotes self-reliance and genetic diversity. Each transaction within a local exchange system strengthens the community fabric as neighbours interact and meet one another. <br><br> There are over 1,000 local change programs worldwide more than 30 local paper currencies in North America and at least 800 Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS) throughout Europe. New Zealand and Australia Local Exchange Systems vary and evolve in accordance with the needs and circumstances of the local area. This diversity is critical to the success of the local currencies. For instance, a bank in rural Massachusetts refused to lend a fanner the money needed to make it through the winter. In response, the farmer decided to print his own money Berkshire Farm Preserve Notes. In winter, customers buy the notes for $9 and they may redeem them in the summer for $10 worth of vegetables. The system enabled the community to help a farm family after being abandoned by the centralised monetary system. As small family farms continue to disappear at an alarming rate, local currencies provide tools for communities to bind together, support their local food growers and maintain their local food suppliers. <br><br> Local Exchange Systems are not limited to developed countries.Rural areas of Asia, Latin America and Africa have offered some of the most effective and important programs, by adopting agriculture-based systems of exchange rather than monetary ones. In order to preserve genetic diversity, economic security and avoid dependence on industrial seed and chemical companies, many villages have developed seed saving exchange banks. For example, the village women in Ladakh have begun to collect and exchange rare seeds selected for their ability to grow in a harsh mountain climate. This exchange system protects agriculture diversity while promoting self- reliance. There is no one blueprint for a local exchange system, which is exactly why they are successful vehicles for localisation and sustainability. They promote local economic diversity and regional self-reliance while responding to a region's specific needs. Local exchange systems play a pivotal role in creating models for sustainable societies. They are an effective educational tool, raising awareness about the global financial system and local economic matters. Local exchange systems also demonstrate that tangible, creative solutions exist and that communities can empower themselves to address global problems.
Which of the following is most nearly the opposite in meaning as the word 'PIVOTAL' as used in the passage?
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.<br><br> We are told that economy is growing and that such growth benefits all of us. However, what you see is not what you always get. Most people are experiencing declining economic security in response to the problems of the global system, many communities have turned to Local Exchange Systems (LESs) to help regain some control over their economic situations. <br><br> Local exchange systems come in many forms. They often involve the creation of a local currency, or a system of bartering labour, or trading of agricultural products as a means of supporting the region in which they are traded. Such a system helps preserve the viability of local economies. <br><br> Local currencies allow communities to diversify their economies, reinvest resources back into their region and reduce dependence on the highly concentrated and unstable global economy. Each local currency system serves as an exchange bank for skills and resources that Individuals in the community are willing to trade. Whether in the form of paper money, service credits, or other units, a local currency facilitates the exchange of services and resources among the members of a community. <br><br> By providing incentives for local trade, communities help their small businesses and reduce underemployment by providing the jobs within the community. In addition, the local exchange of food and seeds promotes environmental conservation and community food security. Local food production reduces wasteful transportation and promotes self-reliance and genetic diversity. Each transaction within a local exchange system strengthens the community fabric as neighbours interact and meet one another. <br><br> There are over 1,000 local change programs worldwide more than 30 local paper currencies in North America and at least 800 Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS) throughout Europe. New Zealand and Australia Local Exchange Systems vary and evolve in accordance with the needs and circumstances of the local area. This diversity is critical to the success of the local currencies. For instance, a bank in rural Massachusetts refused to lend a fanner the money needed to make it through the winter. In response, the farmer decided to print his own money Berkshire Farm Preserve Notes. In winter, customers buy the notes for $9 and they may redeem them in the summer for $10 worth of vegetables. The system enabled the community to help a farm family after being abandoned by the centralised monetary system. As small family farms continue to disappear at an alarming rate, local currencies provide tools for communities to bind together, support their local food growers and maintain their local food suppliers. <br><br> Local Exchange Systems are not limited to developed countries.Rural areas of Asia, Latin America and Africa have offered some of the most effective and important programs, by adopting agriculture-based systems of exchange rather than monetary ones. In order to preserve genetic diversity, economic security and avoid dependence on industrial seed and chemical companies, many villages have developed seed saving exchange banks. For example, the village women in Ladakh have begun to collect and exchange rare seeds selected for their ability to grow in a harsh mountain climate. This exchange system protects agriculture diversity while promoting self- reliance. There is no one blueprint for a local exchange system, which is exactly why they are successful vehicles for localisation and sustainability. They promote local economic diversity and regional self-reliance while responding to a region's specific needs. Local exchange systems play a pivotal role in creating models for sustainable societies. They are an effective educational tool, raising awareness about the global financial system and local economic matters. Local exchange systems also demonstrate that tangible, creative solutions exist and that communities can empower themselves to address global problems.
As mentioned in the passage, there is no set design to initiate local exchange systems as__________ <br><br> (A) they tend to work well only in select countries<br><br> (B) they are region specific<br><br> (C) they are too complicated to understand
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.<br><br> We are told that economy is growing and that such growth benefits all of us. However, what you see is not what you always get. Most people are experiencing declining economic security in response to the problems of the global system, many communities have turned to Local Exchange Systems (LESs) to help regain some control over their economic situations. <br><br> Local exchange systems come in many forms. They often involve the creation of a local currency, or a system of bartering labour, or trading of agricultural products as a means of supporting the region in which they are traded. Such a system helps preserve the viability of local economies. <br><br> Local currencies allow communities to diversify their economies, reinvest resources back into their region and reduce dependence on the highly concentrated and unstable global economy. Each local currency system serves as an exchange bank for skills and resources that Individuals in the community are willing to trade. Whether in the form of paper money, service credits, or other units, a local currency facilitates the exchange of services and resources among the members of a community. <br><br> By providing incentives for local trade, communities help their small businesses and reduce underemployment by providing the jobs within the community. In addition, the local exchange of food and seeds promotes environmental conservation and community food security. Local food production reduces wasteful transportation and promotes self-reliance and genetic diversity. Each transaction within a local exchange system strengthens the community fabric as neighbours interact and meet one another. <br><br> There are over 1,000 local change programs worldwide more than 30 local paper currencies in North America and at least 800 Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS) throughout Europe. New Zealand and Australia Local Exchange Systems vary and evolve in accordance with the needs and circumstances of the local area. This diversity is critical to the success of the local currencies. For instance, a bank in rural Massachusetts refused to lend a fanner the money needed to make it through the winter. In response, the farmer decided to print his own money Berkshire Farm Preserve Notes. In winter, customers buy the notes for $9 and they may redeem them in the summer for $10 worth of vegetables. The system enabled the community to help a farm family after being abandoned by the centralised monetary system. As small family farms continue to disappear at an alarming rate, local currencies provide tools for communities to bind together, support their local food growers and maintain their local food suppliers. <br><br> Local Exchange Systems are not limited to developed countries.Rural areas of Asia, Latin America and Africa have offered some of the most effective and important programs, by adopting agriculture-based systems of exchange rather than monetary ones. In order to preserve genetic diversity, economic security and avoid dependence on industrial seed and chemical companies, many villages have developed seed saving exchange banks. For example, the village women in Ladakh have begun to collect and exchange rare seeds selected for their ability to grow in a harsh mountain climate. This exchange system protects agriculture diversity while promoting self- reliance. There is no one blueprint for a local exchange system, which is exactly why they are successful vehicles for localisation and sustainability. They promote local economic diversity and regional self-reliance while responding to a region's specific needs. Local exchange systems play a pivotal role in creating models for sustainable societies. They are an effective educational tool, raising awareness about the global financial system and local economic matters. Local exchange systems also demonstrate that tangible, creative solutions exist and that communities can empower themselves to address global problems.
Which of the following is most nearly the opposite in meaning as the word 'BIND' as used in the passage?
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.<br><br> We are told that economy is growing and that such growth benefits all of us. However, what you see is not what you always get. Most people are experiencing declining economic security in response to the problems of the global system, many communities have turned to Local Exchange Systems (LESs) to help regain some control over their economic situations. <br><br> Local exchange systems come in many forms. They often involve the creation of a local currency, or a system of bartering labour, or trading of agricultural products as a means of supporting the region in which they are traded. Such a system helps preserve the viability of local economies. <br><br> Local currencies allow communities to diversify their economies, reinvest resources back into their region and reduce dependence on the highly concentrated and unstable global economy. Each local currency system serves as an exchange bank for skills and resources that Individuals in the community are willing to trade. Whether in the form of paper money, service credits, or other units, a local currency facilitates the exchange of services and resources among the members of a community. <br><br> By providing incentives for local trade, communities help their small businesses and reduce underemployment by providing the jobs within the community. In addition, the local exchange of food and seeds promotes environmental conservation and community food security. Local food production reduces wasteful transportation and promotes self-reliance and genetic diversity. Each transaction within a local exchange system strengthens the community fabric as neighbours interact and meet one another. <br><br> There are over 1,000 local change programs worldwide more than 30 local paper currencies in North America and at least 800 Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS) throughout Europe. New Zealand and Australia Local Exchange Systems vary and evolve in accordance with the needs and circumstances of the local area. This diversity is critical to the success of the local currencies. For instance, a bank in rural Massachusetts refused to lend a fanner the money needed to make it through the winter. In response, the farmer decided to print his own money Berkshire Farm Preserve Notes. In winter, customers buy the notes for $9 and they may redeem them in the summer for $10 worth of vegetables. The system enabled the community to help a farm family after being abandoned by the centralised monetary system. As small family farms continue to disappear at an alarming rate, local currencies provide tools for communities to bind together, support their local food growers and maintain their local food suppliers. <br><br> Local Exchange Systems are not limited to developed countries.Rural areas of Asia, Latin America and Africa have offered some of the most effective and important programs, by adopting agriculture-based systems of exchange rather than monetary ones. In order to preserve genetic diversity, economic security and avoid dependence on industrial seed and chemical companies, many villages have developed seed saving exchange banks. For example, the village women in Ladakh have begun to collect and exchange rare seeds selected for their ability to grow in a harsh mountain climate. This exchange system protects agriculture diversity while promoting self- reliance. There is no one blueprint for a local exchange system, which is exactly why they are successful vehicles for localisation and sustainability. They promote local economic diversity and regional self-reliance while responding to a region's specific needs. Local exchange systems play a pivotal role in creating models for sustainable societies. They are an effective educational tool, raising awareness about the global financial system and local economic matters. Local exchange systems also demonstrate that tangible, creative solutions exist and that communities can empower themselves to address global problems.
Which of the following statements is true in the context of the passage?
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.<br><br> We are told that economy is growing and that such growth benefits all of us. However, what you see is not what you always get. Most people are experiencing declining economic security in response to the problems of the global system, many communities have turned to Local Exchange Systems (LESs) to help regain some control over their economic situations. <br><br> Local exchange systems come in many forms. They often involve the creation of a local currency, or a system of bartering labour, or trading of agricultural products as a means of supporting the region in which they are traded. Such a system helps preserve the viability of local economies. <br><br> Local currencies allow communities to diversify their economies, reinvest resources back into their region and reduce dependence on the highly concentrated and unstable global economy. Each local currency system serves as an exchange bank for skills and resources that Individuals in the community are willing to trade. Whether in the form of paper money, service credits, or other units, a local currency facilitates the exchange of services and resources among the members of a community. <br><br> By providing incentives for local trade, communities help their small businesses and reduce underemployment by providing the jobs within the community. In addition, the local exchange of food and seeds promotes environmental conservation and community food security. Local food production reduces wasteful transportation and promotes self-reliance and genetic diversity. Each transaction within a local exchange system strengthens the community fabric as neighbours interact and meet one another. <br><br> There are over 1,000 local change programs worldwide more than 30 local paper currencies in North America and at least 800 Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS) throughout Europe. New Zealand and Australia Local Exchange Systems vary and evolve in accordance with the needs and circumstances of the local area. This diversity is critical to the success of the local currencies. For instance, a bank in rural Massachusetts refused to lend a fanner the money needed to make it through the winter. In response, the farmer decided to print his own money Berkshire Farm Preserve Notes. In winter, customers buy the notes for $9 and they may redeem them in the summer for $10 worth of vegetables. The system enabled the community to help a farm family after being abandoned by the centralised monetary system. As small family farms continue to disappear at an alarming rate, local currencies provide tools for communities to bind together, support their local food growers and maintain their local food suppliers. <br><br> Local Exchange Systems are not limited to developed countries.Rural areas of Asia, Latin America and Africa have offered some of the most effective and important programs, by adopting agriculture-based systems of exchange rather than monetary ones. In order to preserve genetic diversity, economic security and avoid dependence on industrial seed and chemical companies, many villages have developed seed saving exchange banks. For example, the village women in Ladakh have begun to collect and exchange rare seeds selected for their ability to grow in a harsh mountain climate. This exchange system protects agriculture diversity while promoting self- reliance. There is no one blueprint for a local exchange system, which is exactly why they are successful vehicles for localisation and sustainability. They promote local economic diversity and regional self-reliance while responding to a region's specific needs. Local exchange systems play a pivotal role in creating models for sustainable societies. They are an effective educational tool, raising awareness about the global financial system and local economic matters. Local exchange systems also demonstrate that tangible, creative solutions exist and that communities can empower themselves to address global problems.
As mentioned in the passage, local currencies can prove to be beneficial for the community as they ____________ <br><br> (A) assist in creating job opportunities. <br><br> (B) indirectly help in conserving the environment. <br><br> (C) aid in minimising reliance on global economy.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.<br><br> We are told that economy is growing and that such growth benefits all of us. However, what you see is not what you always get. Most people are experiencing declining economic security in response to the problems of the global system, many communities have turned to Local Exchange Systems (LESs) to help regain some control over their economic situations. <br><br> Local exchange systems come in many forms. They often involve the creation of a local currency, or a system of bartering labour, or trading of agricultural products as a means of supporting the region in which they are traded. Such a system helps preserve the viability of local economies. <br><br> Local currencies allow communities to diversify their economies, reinvest resources back into their region and reduce dependence on the highly concentrated and unstable global economy. Each local currency system serves as an exchange bank for skills and resources that Individuals in the community are willing to trade. Whether in the form of paper money, service credits, or other units, a local currency facilitates the exchange of services and resources among the members of a community. <br><br> By providing incentives for local trade, communities help their small businesses and reduce underemployment by providing the jobs within the community. In addition, the local exchange of food and seeds promotes environmental conservation and community food security. Local food production reduces wasteful transportation and promotes self-reliance and genetic diversity. Each transaction within a local exchange system strengthens the community fabric as neighbours interact and meet one another. <br><br> There are over 1,000 local change programs worldwide more than 30 local paper currencies in North America and at least 800 Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS) throughout Europe. New Zealand and Australia Local Exchange Systems vary and evolve in accordance with the needs and circumstances of the local area. This diversity is critical to the success of the local currencies. For instance, a bank in rural Massachusetts refused to lend a fanner the money needed to make it through the winter. In response, the farmer decided to print his own money Berkshire Farm Preserve Notes. In winter, customers buy the notes for $9 and they may redeem them in the summer for $10 worth of vegetables. The system enabled the community to help a farm family after being abandoned by the centralised monetary system. As small family farms continue to disappear at an alarming rate, local currencies provide tools for communities to bind together, support their local food growers and maintain their local food suppliers. <br><br> Local Exchange Systems are not limited to developed countries.Rural areas of Asia, Latin America and Africa have offered some of the most effective and important programs, by adopting agriculture-based systems of exchange rather than monetary ones. In order to preserve genetic diversity, economic security and avoid dependence on industrial seed and chemical companies, many villages have developed seed saving exchange banks. For example, the village women in Ladakh have begun to collect and exchange rare seeds selected for their ability to grow in a harsh mountain climate. This exchange system protects agriculture diversity while promoting self- reliance. There is no one blueprint for a local exchange system, which is exactly why they are successful vehicles for localisation and sustainability. They promote local economic diversity and regional self-reliance while responding to a region's specific needs. Local exchange systems play a pivotal role in creating models for sustainable societies. They are an effective educational tool, raising awareness about the global financial system and local economic matters. Local exchange systems also demonstrate that tangible, creative solutions exist and that communities can empower themselves to address global problems.
Which of the following is the meaning of the phrase 'what you see is not what you always get' as mentioned in the passage with respect to present economic situation in the country?
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.<br><br> We are told that economy is growing and that such growth benefits all of us. However, what you see is not what you always get. Most people are experiencing declining economic security in response to the problems of the global system, many communities have turned to Local Exchange Systems (LESs) to help regain some control over their economic situations. <br><br> Local exchange systems come in many forms. They often involve the creation of a local currency, or a system of bartering labour, or trading of agricultural products as a means of supporting the region in which they are traded. Such a system helps preserve the viability of local economies. <br><br> Local currencies allow communities to diversify their economies, reinvest resources back into their region and reduce dependence on the highly concentrated and unstable global economy. Each local currency system serves as an exchange bank for skills and resources that Individuals in the community are willing to trade. Whether in the form of paper money, service credits, or other units, a local currency facilitates the exchange of services and resources among the members of a community. <br><br> By providing incentives for local trade, communities help their small businesses and reduce underemployment by providing the jobs within the community. In addition, the local exchange of food and seeds promotes environmental conservation and community food security. Local food production reduces wasteful transportation and promotes self-reliance and genetic diversity. Each transaction within a local exchange system strengthens the community fabric as neighbours interact and meet one another. <br><br> There are over 1,000 local change programs worldwide more than 30 local paper currencies in North America and at least 800 Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS) throughout Europe. New Zealand and Australia Local Exchange Systems vary and evolve in accordance with the needs and circumstances of the local area. This diversity is critical to the success of the local currencies. For instance, a bank in rural Massachusetts refused to lend a fanner the money needed to make it through the winter. In response, the farmer decided to print his own money Berkshire Farm Preserve Notes. In winter, customers buy the notes for $9 and they may redeem them in the summer for $10 worth of vegetables. The system enabled the community to help a farm family after being abandoned by the centralised monetary system. As small family farms continue to disappear at an alarming rate, local currencies provide tools for communities to bind together, support their local food growers and maintain their local food suppliers. <br><br> Local Exchange Systems are not limited to developed countries.Rural areas of Asia, Latin America and Africa have offered some of the most effective and important programs, by adopting agriculture-based systems of exchange rather than monetary ones. In order to preserve genetic diversity, economic security and avoid dependence on industrial seed and chemical companies, many villages have developed seed saving exchange banks. For example, the village women in Ladakh have begun to collect and exchange rare seeds selected for their ability to grow in a harsh mountain climate. This exchange system protects agriculture diversity while promoting self- reliance. There is no one blueprint for a local exchange system, which is exactly why they are successful vehicles for localisation and sustainability. They promote local economic diversity and regional self-reliance while responding to a region's specific needs. Local exchange systems play a pivotal role in creating models for sustainable societies. They are an effective educational tool, raising awareness about the global financial system and local economic matters. Local exchange systems also demonstrate that tangible, creative solutions exist and that communities can empower themselves to address global problems.
Which of the following is most nearly the opposite in meaning as the word 'REGAIN' as used in the passage
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.<br><br> We are told that economy is growing and that such growth benefits all of us. However, what you see is not what you always get. Most people are experiencing declining economic security in response to the problems of the global system, many communities have turned to Local Exchange Systems (LESs) to help regain some control over their economic situations. <br><br> Local exchange systems come in many forms. They often involve the creation of a local currency, or a system of bartering labour, or trading of agricultural products as a means of supporting the region in which they are traded. Such a system helps preserve the viability of local economies. <br><br> Local currencies allow communities to diversify their economies, reinvest resources back into their region and reduce dependence on the highly concentrated and unstable global economy. Each local currency system serves as an exchange bank for skills and resources that Individuals in the community are willing to trade. Whether in the form of paper money, service credits, or other units, a local currency facilitates the exchange of services and resources among the members of a community. <br><br> By providing incentives for local trade, communities help their small businesses and reduce underemployment by providing the jobs within the community. In addition, the local exchange of food and seeds promotes environmental conservation and community food security. Local food production reduces wasteful transportation and promotes self-reliance and genetic diversity. Each transaction within a local exchange system strengthens the community fabric as neighbours interact and meet one another. <br><br> There are over 1,000 local change programs worldwide more than 30 local paper currencies in North America and at least 800 Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS) throughout Europe. New Zealand and Australia Local Exchange Systems vary and evolve in accordance with the needs and circumstances of the local area. This diversity is critical to the success of the local currencies. For instance, a bank in rural Massachusetts refused to lend a fanner the money needed to make it through the winter. In response, the farmer decided to print his own money Berkshire Farm Preserve Notes. In winter, customers buy the notes for $9 and they may redeem them in the summer for $10 worth of vegetables. The system enabled the community to help a farm family after being abandoned by the centralised monetary system. As small family farms continue to disappear at an alarming rate, local currencies provide tools for communities to bind together, support their local food growers and maintain their local food suppliers. <br><br> Local Exchange Systems are not limited to developed countries.Rural areas of Asia, Latin America and Africa have offered some of the most effective and important programs, by adopting agriculture-based systems of exchange rather than monetary ones. In order to preserve genetic diversity, economic security and avoid dependence on industrial seed and chemical companies, many villages have developed seed saving exchange banks. For example, the village women in Ladakh have begun to collect and exchange rare seeds selected for their ability to grow in a harsh mountain climate. This exchange system protects agriculture diversity while promoting self- reliance. There is no one blueprint for a local exchange system, which is exactly why they are successful vehicles for localisation and sustainability. They promote local economic diversity and regional self-reliance while responding to a region's specific needs. Local exchange systems play a pivotal role in creating models for sustainable societies. They are an effective educational tool, raising awareness about the global financial system and local economic matters. Local exchange systems also demonstrate that tangible, creative solutions exist and that communities can empower themselves to address global problems.
As mentioned in the passage, the statistics with respect to LES highlight that As mentioned in the passage, the statistics with respect to LES highlight that
Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake/ error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Select the part with the error as your answer. If there is no error, Select No error as your answer. (ignore the errors of punctuation, if any)
The rise of ATMs, telephone banking, the Internet (a)/ and now smartphones has (b)/ led to a decline of 5 to 8 percent a year (c)/ in the number of visits by customers to branches(d)/ No error (e)
Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake/ error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Select the part with the error as your answer. If there is no error, Select No error as your answer. (ignore the errors of punctuation, if any)
Sporting body such as FIFA (a)/ should be run transparently and rigorous standards (b)/ should be maintained to ensure that (c)/ sports are played in the right spirit. (d)/ No error (e)
Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake/ error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Select the part with the error as your answer. If there is no error, Select No error as your answer. (ignore the errors of punctuation, if any)
Owing to the frequent fluctuations in electricity, (a)/ businesses in Africa are forced to (b)/ invest in generators thereby paying (c)/ exorbitant amounts for electricity. (d)/ No error (e)
Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake/ error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Select the part with the error as your answer. If there is no error, Select No error as your answer. (ignore the errors of punctuation, if any)
Without a reduction in imports, the decline (a)/ in the economy will be even great though (b)/ the central bank is positive that (c)/ the economy will recover by next year. (d) No error (e)
Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake/ error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Select the part with the error as your answer. If there is no error, Select No error as your answer. (ignore the errors of punctuation, if any)
Changing a company's corporate culture (a)/ is difficult but not impossible (b)/ and introducing to systems such as (c)/ pay for performance' will help a company grow. (d)/ No error (e)
Rearrange the give a six sentences/ group of sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in a proper sequence so as to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the given questions.<br><br> (A) Initiatives by Japan and the European Union over the past two years depressed the yen and euro earlier. <br><br> (B) The rising dollar has hurt US exporters by making their goods costlier abroad, and China's move to devalue its currency could further complicate the Fed's decision on when to raise rates. <br><br> (C) All these moves contrast with action foreseen from the Federal Reserve, which is widely expected to boost the short-term interest rate it controls later this year. <br><br> (D) China's central bank said the devaluation of the Yuan was a result of reforms intended to make its exchange rate more market- oriented. <br><br> (E) This Fed rate hike would likely raise the vlaue of the dollar, which has already jumped about 1.4 percent in value in the past 12 months against a basket of foreign currencies. <br><br> (F) With this devaluation, China becomes the third major economy to act on lowering its currency value.
Which of the following should be the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?
Rearrange the give a six sentences/ group of sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in a proper sequence so as to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the given questions.<br><br> (A) Initiatives by Japan and the European Union over the past two years depressed the yen and euro earlier. <br><br> (B) The rising dollar has hurt US exporters by making their goods costlier abroad, and China's move to devalue its currency could further complicate the Fed's decision on when to raise rates. <br><br> (C) All these moves contrast with action foreseen from the Federal Reserve, which is widely expected to boost the short-term interest rate it controls later this year. <br><br> (D) China's central bank said the devaluation of the Yuan was a result of reforms intended to make its exchange rate more market- oriented. <br><br> (E) This Fed rate hike would likely raise the vlaue of the dollar, which has already jumped about 1.4 percent in value in the past 12 months against a basket of foreign currencies. <br><br> (F) With this devaluation, China becomes the third major economy to act on lowering its currency value.
Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
Rearrange the give a six sentences/ group of sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in a proper sequence so as to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the given questions.<br><br> (A) Initiatives by Japan and the European Union over the past two years depressed the yen and euro earlier. <br><br> (B) The rising dollar has hurt US exporters by making their goods costlier abroad, and China's move to devalue its currency could further complicate the Fed's decision on when to raise rates. <br><br> (C) All these moves contrast with action foreseen from the Federal Reserve, which is widely expected to boost the short-term interest rate it controls later this year. <br><br> (D) China's central bank said the devaluation of the Yuan was a result of reforms intended to make its exchange rate more market- oriented. <br><br> (E) This Fed rate hike would likely raise the vlaue of the dollar, which has already jumped about 1.4 percent in value in the past 12 months against a basket of foreign currencies. <br><br> (F) With this devaluation, China becomes the third major economy to act on lowering its currency value.
Which of the following should be the LAST (SIXTH) sentence after rearrangement?
Rearrange the give a six sentences/ group of sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in a proper sequence so as to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the given questions.<br><br> (A) Initiatives by Japan and the European Union over the past two years depressed the yen and euro earlier. <br><br> (B) The rising dollar has hurt US exporters by making their goods costlier abroad, and China's move to devalue its currency could further complicate the Fed's decision on when to raise rates. <br><br> (C) All these moves contrast with action foreseen from the Federal Reserve, which is widely expected to boost the short-term interest rate it controls later this year. <br><br> (D) China's central bank said the devaluation of the Yuan was a result of reforms intended to make its exchange rate more market- oriented. <br><br> (E) This Fed rate hike would likely raise the vlaue of the dollar, which has already jumped about 1.4 percent in value in the past 12 months against a basket of foreign currencies. <br><br> (F) With this devaluation, China becomes the third major economy to act on lowering its currency value.
Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
Rearrange the give a six sentences/ group of sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in a proper sequence so as to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the given questions.<br><br> (A) Initiatives by Japan and the European Union over the past two years depressed the yen and euro earlier. <br><br> (B) The rising dollar has hurt US exporters by making their goods costlier abroad, and China's move to devalue its currency could further complicate the Fed's decision on when to raise rates. <br><br> (C) All these moves contrast with action foreseen from the Federal Reserve, which is widely expected to boost the short-term interest rate it controls later this year. <br><br> (D) China's central bank said the devaluation of the Yuan was a result of reforms intended to make its exchange rate more market- oriented. <br><br> (E) This Fed rate hike would likely raise the vlaue of the dollar, which has already jumped about 1.4 percent in value in the past 12 months against a basket of foreign currencies. <br><br> (F) With this devaluation, China becomes the third major economy to act on lowering its currency value.
Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?
Each sentence below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the words that best fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
Rolling the neck is a very simple and effective exercise when It ________to _______ off the double chain.
Each sentence below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the words that best fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
The traffic police said that it was not possible to ________ personnel permanently at the spot to prevent the situation because of ______ manpower.
Each sentence below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the words that best fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
Your children take of _______ most of your actions and traits, both good and bad, which is why it is _______ that you leave them more good examples than bad.
Each sentence below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the words that best fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
The region has already __________ few very long dry spells this season, _______ concern about the survival of the kharif crop.
Each sentence below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the words that best fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
The forum ___________ desired efforts be ________ at the earliest on a sustained basis to create an authentic database.
Which of the phrase given against each sentence should replace the word/ phrase, given in bold in a sentence to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, choose 'No correction required' as the answer.
1t is important to teach children that discriminating on any particular culture is not acceptable.
Which of the phrase given against each sentence should replace the word/ phrase, given in bold in a sentence to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, choose 'No correction required' as the answer.
Although official orders, work of re-survey of out-of-school children has not yet been undertaken in many parts of the State.
Which of the phrase given against each sentence should replace the word/ phrase, given in bold in a sentence to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, choose 'No correction required' as the answer.
Ayurveda believes that herbs when ingested bring about changes in the energy of a human body.
Which of the phrase given against each sentence should replace the word/ phrase, given in bold in a sentence to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, choose 'No correction required' as the answer.
The owners of commercial establishments in the city were given orders to furnished detailed information of their tenants.
Which of the phrase given against each sentence should replace the word/ phrase, given in bold in a sentence to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, choose 'No correction required' as the answer.
Traffic snarls along the highway have started again, despite the area is declared a `no parking zone'.
In the given passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Against each five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
If China's state owned commercial banks seem burdened by bad debts, the country's rural financial sector is even worse. In the villages, the only formal banking institutions are what are known as rural credit co-operatives. These ___(31)___ the distinction in China of having been officially declared insolvent. The rural credit co-operatives are ill named. They are often reluctant to ___(32)___ and they are not run as cooperatives as they do not ___(33)___ any profits and their customers have no say in their operations. Until 1996, they were offshoots of the Agricultural Bank of China.. Since then they have been ___(34)___ by the Central Bank, though they are in reality run by county governments. Even the word 'rural' is misleading. ___(35)___ of their deposits are sucked up and put in the urban banking system. Farmers usually find it easier to ___(36)___ from friends or relatives or black market moneylenders. Yet the co-operatives remain a big part of China's financial system. Last year, they ___(37)___ 1 for 12 percent of deposits and 11 percent of loans. In recent years, commercial banks (in eluding the Agricultural bank) have closed down ___(38)___ in the countryside. Yet some 40,000 credit co-operatives remain in place with one in almost every township (as the larger villages or smaller) rural loans are ___(39)___. If as the government claims, the credit co-operatives are beginning to turn a profit after six years of losses, it is not because they are any better run. In an effort to ___(40)___ a stagnant rural economy, the central bank has pumped more than $9 billion into them hoping that they will lend more to farmers. But the root causes of their problems remain and the real solution may have to involve a mix of approaches from commercial banking to real cooperatives.
In the given passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Against each five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
If China's state owned commercial banks seem burdened by bad debts, the country's rural financial sector is even worse. In the villages, the only formal banking institutions are what are known as rural credit co-operatives. These ___(31)___ the distinction in China of having been officially declared insolvent. The rural credit co-operatives are ill named. They are often reluctant to ___(32)___ and they are not run as cooperatives as they do not ___(33)___ any profits and their customers have no say in their operations. Until 1996, they were offshoots of the Agricultural Bank of China.. Since then they have been ___(34)___ by the Central Bank, though they are in reality run by county governments. Even the word 'rural' is misleading. ___(35)___ of their deposits are sucked up and put in the urban banking system. Farmers usually find it easier to ___(36)___ from friends or relatives or black market moneylenders. Yet the co-operatives remain a big part of China's financial system. Last year, they ___(37)___ 1 for 12 percent of deposits and 11 percent of loans. In recent years, commercial banks (in eluding the Agricultural bank) have closed down ___(38)___ in the countryside. Yet some 40,000 credit co-operatives remain in place with one in almost every township (as the larger villages or smaller) rural loans are ___(39)___. If as the government claims, the credit co-operatives are beginning to turn a profit after six years of losses, it is not because they are any better run. In an effort to ___(40)___ a stagnant rural economy, the central bank has pumped more than $9 billion into them hoping that they will lend more to farmers. But the root causes of their problems remain and the real solution may have to involve a mix of approaches from commercial banking to real cooperatives.
In the given passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Against each five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
If China's state owned commercial banks seem burdened by bad debts, the country's rural financial sector is even worse. In the villages, the only formal banking institutions are what are known as rural credit co-operatives. These ___(31)___ the distinction in China of having been officially declared insolvent. The rural credit co-operatives are ill named. They are often reluctant to ___(32)___ and they are not run as cooperatives as they do not ___(33)___ any profits and their customers have no say in their operations. Until 1996, they were offshoots of the Agricultural Bank of China.. Since then they have been ___(34)___ by the Central Bank, though they are in reality run by county governments. Even the word 'rural' is misleading. ___(35)___ of their deposits are sucked up and put in the urban banking system. Farmers usually find it easier to ___(36)___ from friends or relatives or black market moneylenders. Yet the co-operatives remain a big part of China's financial system. Last year, they ___(37)___ 1 for 12 percent of deposits and 11 percent of loans. In recent years, commercial banks (in eluding the Agricultural bank) have closed down ___(38)___ in the countryside. Yet some 40,000 credit co-operatives remain in place with one in almost every township (as the larger villages or smaller) rural loans are ___(39)___. If as the government claims, the credit co-operatives are beginning to turn a profit after six years of losses, it is not because they are any better run. In an effort to ___(40)___ a stagnant rural economy, the central bank has pumped more than $9 billion into them hoping that they will lend more to farmers. But the root causes of their problems remain and the real solution may have to involve a mix of approaches from commercial banking to real cooperatives.
In the given passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Against each five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
If China's state owned commercial banks seem burdened by bad debts, the country's rural financial sector is even worse. In the villages, the only formal banking institutions are what are known as rural credit co-operatives. These ___(31)___ the distinction in China of having been officially declared insolvent. The rural credit co-operatives are ill named. They are often reluctant to ___(32)___ and they are not run as cooperatives as they do not ___(33)___ any profits and their customers have no say in their operations. Until 1996, they were offshoots of the Agricultural Bank of China.. Since then they have been ___(34)___ by the Central Bank, though they are in reality run by county governments. Even the word 'rural' is misleading. ___(35)___ of their deposits are sucked up and put in the urban banking system. Farmers usually find it easier to ___(36)___ from friends or relatives or black market moneylenders. Yet the co-operatives remain a big part of China's financial system. Last year, they ___(37)___ 1 for 12 percent of deposits and 11 percent of loans. In recent years, commercial banks (in eluding the Agricultural bank) have closed down ___(38)___ in the countryside. Yet some 40,000 credit co-operatives remain in place with one in almost every township (as the larger villages or smaller) rural loans are ___(39)___. If as the government claims, the credit co-operatives are beginning to turn a profit after six years of losses, it is not because they are any better run. In an effort to ___(40)___ a stagnant rural economy, the central bank has pumped more than $9 billion into them hoping that they will lend more to farmers. But the root causes of their problems remain and the real solution may have to involve a mix of approaches from commercial banking to real cooperatives.
In the given passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Against each five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
If China's state owned commercial banks seem burdened by bad debts, the country's rural financial sector is even worse. In the villages, the only formal banking institutions are what are known as rural credit co-operatives. These ___(31)___ the distinction in China of having been officially declared insolvent. The rural credit co-operatives are ill named. They are often reluctant to ___(32)___ and they are not run as cooperatives as they do not ___(33)___ any profits and their customers have no say in their operations. Until 1996, they were offshoots of the Agricultural Bank of China.. Since then they have been ___(34)___ by the Central Bank, though they are in reality run by county governments. Even the word 'rural' is misleading. ___(35)___ of their deposits are sucked up and put in the urban banking system. Farmers usually find it easier to ___(36)___ from friends or relatives or black market moneylenders. Yet the co-operatives remain a big part of China's financial system. Last year, they ___(37)___ 1 for 12 percent of deposits and 11 percent of loans. In recent years, commercial banks (in eluding the Agricultural bank) have closed down ___(38)___ in the countryside. Yet some 40,000 credit co-operatives remain in place with one in almost every township (as the larger villages or smaller) rural loans are ___(39)___. If as the government claims, the credit co-operatives are beginning to turn a profit after six years of losses, it is not because they are any better run. In an effort to ___(40)___ a stagnant rural economy, the central bank has pumped more than $9 billion into them hoping that they will lend more to farmers. But the root causes of their problems remain and the real solution may have to involve a mix of approaches from commercial banking to real cooperatives.
In the given passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Against each five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
If China's state owned commercial banks seem burdened by bad debts, the country's rural financial sector is even worse. In the villages, the only formal banking institutions are what are known as rural credit co-operatives. These ___(31)___ the distinction in China of having been officially declared insolvent. The rural credit co-operatives are ill named. They are often reluctant to ___(32)___ and they are not run as cooperatives as they do not ___(33)___ any profits and their customers have no say in their operations. Until 1996, they were offshoots of the Agricultural Bank of China.. Since then they have been ___(34)___ by the Central Bank, though they are in reality run by county governments. Even the word 'rural' is misleading. ___(35)___ of their deposits are sucked up and put in the urban banking system. Farmers usually find it easier to ___(36)___ from friends or relatives or black market moneylenders. Yet the co-operatives remain a big part of China's financial system. Last year, they ___(37)___ 1 for 12 percent of deposits and 11 percent of loans. In recent years, commercial banks (in eluding the Agricultural bank) have closed down ___(38)___ in the countryside. Yet some 40,000 credit co-operatives remain in place with one in almost every township (as the larger villages or smaller) rural loans are ___(39)___. If as the government claims, the credit co-operatives are beginning to turn a profit after six years of losses, it is not because they are any better run. In an effort to ___(40)___ a stagnant rural economy, the central bank has pumped more than $9 billion into them hoping that they will lend more to farmers. But the root causes of their problems remain and the real solution may have to involve a mix of approaches from commercial banking to real cooperatives.
In the given passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Against each five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
If China's state owned commercial banks seem burdened by bad debts, the country's rural financial sector is even worse. In the villages, the only formal banking institutions are what are known as rural credit co-operatives. These ___(31)___ the distinction in China of having been officially declared insolvent. The rural credit co-operatives are ill named. They are often reluctant to ___(32)___ and they are not run as cooperatives as they do not ___(33)___ any profits and their customers have no say in their operations. Until 1996, they were offshoots of the Agricultural Bank of China.. Since then they have been ___(34)___ by the Central Bank, though they are in reality run by county governments. Even the word 'rural' is misleading. ___(35)___ of their deposits are sucked up and put in the urban banking system. Farmers usually find it easier to ___(36)___ from friends or relatives or black market moneylenders. Yet the co-operatives remain a big part of China's financial system. Last year, they ___(37)___ 1 for 12 percent of deposits and 11 percent of loans. In recent years, commercial banks (in eluding the Agricultural bank) have closed down ___(38)___ in the countryside. Yet some 40,000 credit co-operatives remain in place with one in almost every township (as the larger villages or smaller) rural loans are ___(39)___. If as the government claims, the credit co-operatives are beginning to turn a profit after six years of losses, it is not because they are any better run. In an effort to ___(40)___ a stagnant rural economy, the central bank has pumped more than $9 billion into them hoping that they will lend more to farmers. But the root causes of their problems remain and the real solution may have to involve a mix of approaches from commercial banking to real cooperatives.
In the given passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Against each five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
If China's state owned commercial banks seem burdened by bad debts, the country's rural financial sector is even worse. In the villages, the only formal banking institutions are what are known as rural credit co-operatives. These ___(31)___ the distinction in China of having been officially declared insolvent. The rural credit co-operatives are ill named. They are often reluctant to ___(32)___ and they are not run as cooperatives as they do not ___(33)___ any profits and their customers have no say in their operations. Until 1996, they were offshoots of the Agricultural Bank of China.. Since then they have been ___(34)___ by the Central Bank, though they are in reality run by county governments. Even the word 'rural' is misleading. ___(35)___ of their deposits are sucked up and put in the urban banking system. Farmers usually find it easier to ___(36)___ from friends or relatives or black market moneylenders. Yet the co-operatives remain a big part of China's financial system. Last year, they ___(37)___ 1 for 12 percent of deposits and 11 percent of loans. In recent years, commercial banks (in eluding the Agricultural bank) have closed down ___(38)___ in the countryside. Yet some 40,000 credit co-operatives remain in place with one in almost every township (as the larger villages or smaller) rural loans are ___(39)___. If as the government claims, the credit co-operatives are beginning to turn a profit after six years of losses, it is not because they are any better run. In an effort to ___(40)___ a stagnant rural economy, the central bank has pumped more than $9 billion into them hoping that they will lend more to farmers. But the root causes of their problems remain and the real solution may have to involve a mix of approaches from commercial banking to real cooperatives.
In the given passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Against each five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
If China's state owned commercial banks seem burdened by bad debts, the country's rural financial sector is even worse. In the villages, the only formal banking institutions are what are known as rural credit co-operatives. These ___(31)___ the distinction in China of having been officially declared insolvent. The rural credit co-operatives are ill named. They are often reluctant to ___(32)___ and they are not run as cooperatives as they do not ___(33)___ any profits and their customers have no say in their operations. Until 1996, they were offshoots of the Agricultural Bank of China.. Since then they have been ___(34)___ by the Central Bank, though they are in reality run by county governments. Even the word 'rural' is misleading. ___(35)___ of their deposits are sucked up and put in the urban banking system. Farmers usually find it easier to ___(36)___ from friends or relatives or black market moneylenders. Yet the co-operatives remain a big part of China's financial system. Last year, they ___(37)___ 1 for 12 percent of deposits and 11 percent of loans. In recent years, commercial banks (in eluding the Agricultural bank) have closed down ___(38)___ in the countryside. Yet some 40,000 credit co-operatives remain in place with one in almost every township (as the larger villages or smaller) rural loans are ___(39)___. If as the government claims, the credit co-operatives are beginning to turn a profit after six years of losses, it is not because they are any better run. In an effort to ___(40)___ a stagnant rural economy, the central bank has pumped more than $9 billion into them hoping that they will lend more to farmers. But the root causes of their problems remain and the real solution may have to involve a mix of approaches from commercial banking to real cooperatives.
In the given passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Against each five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.
If China's state owned commercial banks seem burdened by bad debts, the country's rural financial sector is even worse. In the villages, the only formal banking institutions are what are known as rural credit co-operatives. These ___(31)___ the distinction in China of having been officially declared insolvent. The rural credit co-operatives are ill named. They are often reluctant to ___(32)___ and they are not run as cooperatives as they do not ___(33)___ any profits and their customers have no say in their operations. Until 1996, they were offshoots of the Agricultural Bank of China.. Since then they have been ___(34)___ by the Central Bank, though they are in reality run by county governments. Even the word 'rural' is misleading. ___(35)___ of their deposits are sucked up and put in the urban banking system. Farmers usually find it easier to ___(36)___ from friends or relatives or black market moneylenders. Yet the co-operatives remain a big part of China's financial system. Last year, they ___(37)___ 1 for 12 percent of deposits and 11 percent of loans. In recent years, commercial banks (in eluding the Agricultural bank) have closed down ___(38)___ in the countryside. Yet some 40,000 credit co-operatives remain in place with one in almost every township (as the larger villages or smaller) rural loans are ___(39)___. If as the government claims, the credit co-operatives are beginning to turn a profit after six years of losses, it is not because they are any better run. In an effort to ___(40)___ a stagnant rural economy, the central bank has pumped more than $9 billion into them hoping that they will lend more to farmers. But the root causes of their problems remain and the real solution may have to involve a mix of approaches from commercial banking to real cooperatives.
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