Vocab24 || Daily Vocab

1 Synthesize ()

To combine different ideas, information, or elements to form a single new whole. (विभिन्न तत्वों या विचारों को मिलाकर एक नया रूप बनाना)

Synonyms: Combine, Integrate, Merge, Fuse

Antonyms: Separate, Divide, Fragment, Disintegrate

Example: In the conclusion of your answer, you should synthesize all the key points into one clear argument.

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2 Streamline (verb)

To make an organization, system, or process more efficient and effective by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps. (सरल और अधिक कुशल बनाना)

Synonyms: Simplify, Rationalize, Optimize, Systematize

Antonyms: Complicate, Hinder, Obstruct, Overload

Example: The company decided to streamline its procedures to save time and reduce costs.

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3 Prioritize (verb)

To arrange or deal with things in order of importance; to treat something as more important than others. (प्राथमिकता देना)

Synonyms: Rank, Emphasize, Prefer, Highlight

Antonyms: Neglect, Ignore, Overlook, Devalue

Example: During exam time, you must prioritize your studies over entertainment.

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4 Embody (verb)

To represent or express an idea, quality, or feeling in a clear and visible form; to give a body or form to something abstract. (मूर्त रूप देना, अभिव्यक्त करना)

Synonyms: Represent, Personify, Exemplify, Incarnate

Antonyms: Conceal, Obscure, Misrepresent, Exclude

Example: A good leader should embody the values of honesty, courage, and responsibility.

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5 Deliberate (verb)

To think about or discuss something very carefully before making a decision; to do something after careful thought. (सोच-समझकर विचार करना)

Synonyms: Ponder, Consider, Reflect, Contemplate

Antonyms: Rush, Hasten, Ignore, Overlook

Example: The committee will deliberate on the proposal before giving its final approval.

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6 Convey (verb)

To communicate or make ideas, feelings, or information known to someone; to transport or carry from one place to another. (प्रकट करना, व्यक्त करना, पहुँचाना)

Synonyms: Communicate, Express, Transmit, Impart

Antonyms: Withhold, Conceal, Suppress, Hide

Example: It is important to convey your doubts clearly to the teacher so they can help you properly.

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7 Coexist (verb)

To exist together at the same time or in the same place, especially in a peaceful way despite differences. (एक साथ शांतिपूर्वक रहना)

Synonyms: Live together, Co-live, Co-inhabit, Co-survive

Antonyms: Clash, Conflict, Separate, Segregate

Example: People from different religions can peacefully coexist in a truly tolerant society.

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8 Cherish (verb)

To hold something dear; to feel or show great love, care, or appreciation for someone or something. (सहेजकर रखना, प्यार से संभालना)

Synonyms: Value, Treasure, Appreciate, Prize

Antonyms: Neglect, Disregard, Abandon, Despise

Example: She will always cherish the support her parents gave her during tough times.

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9 Adhere (verb)

To stick firmly to something; to follow a rule, belief, or promise closely. (पालन करना, चिपके रहना)

Synonyms: Stick, Cling, Comply, Obey

Antonyms: Disobey, Contravene, Ignore, Neglect

Example: In a disciplined organisation, everyone must adhere to the rules without exception.

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10 Accentuate (verb)

To make something more noticeable or prominent; to emphasize. (जोर देना, उभारना)

Synonyms: Emphasize, Highlight, Underscore, Stress

Antonyms: Downplay, Minimize, Diminish, Understate

Example: The teacher used real-life examples to accentuate the importance of hard work.

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11 Proficient (adjective)

Highly skilled, competent, or expert in doing something. (कुशल, निपुण)

Synonyms: Skilled, Adept, Competent, Expert

Antonyms: Inept, Incompetent, Unskilled, Clumsy

Example: She is proficient in both spoken and written English, which helps her in her job.

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12 Reckless (adjective)

Acting without thinking about the consequences; careless and dangerously unconcerned about risks. (लापरवाह, नासमझी से भरा)

Synonyms: Careless, Rash, Heedless, Impetuous

Antonyms: Cautious, Prudent, Careful, Thoughtful

Example: His reckless driving almost caused a serious accident on the highway.

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13 Conformity (noun)

Behaviour or actions that follow accepted rules, standards, or social norms; acting like others rather than being different. (अनुरूपता, परंपरानुसार चलना)

Synonyms: Compliance, Accordance, Obedience, Adherence

Antonyms: Nonconformity, Dissent, Defiance, Opposition

Example: Social pressure often leads to conformity, even when people privately disagree with the majority.

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14 Validate (verb)

To check or prove the accuracy, truth, or legitimacy of something. (सत्यापित करना, प्रमाणित करना)

Synonyms: Verify, Confirm, Authenticate, Substantiate

Antonyms: Invalidate, Disprove, Reject, Contradict

Example: The scientist worked hard to validate her research findings through multiple experiments.

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15 Inequity (noun)

Lack of fairness or justice; unequal and unjust treatment. (अन्याय, असमानता)

Synonyms: Unfairness, Injustice, Bias, Partiality

Antonyms: Fairness, Justice, Equality, Impartiality

Example: The report highlighted the inequity in access to quality education between urban and rural areas.

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16 Discretion (noun)

The quality of behaving or speaking in such a way as to avoid causing offense or revealing confidential information; the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation. (विवेक, संयम, गोपनीयता रखना)

Synonyms: Judgement, Prudence, Discernment, Circumspection

Antonyms: Indiscretion, Recklessness, Carelessness, Impulsiveness

Example: The manager relied on her own discretion to handle the sensitive matter.

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17 Retribution (noun)

Punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act. (प्रतिशोधस्वरूप दंड, प्रतिकार)

Synonyms: Revenge, Vengeance, Payback, Punishment

Antonyms: Pardon, Forgiveness, Mercy, Leniency

Example: The villagers believed the flood was divine retribution for the years of neglecting the river.

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18 Condescend (verb)

To show that you believe you are more important or intelligent than other people; to lower yourself to do something you consider below your status. (उपेक्षापूर्वक व्यवहार करना, कृपा दिखाते हुए झुकना)

Synonyms: Patronize, Deign, Stoop, Belittle

Antonyms: Respect, Honor, Uplift, Praise

Example: He would never condescend to talk to his colleagues as if they knew nothing.

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19 Monotony (noun)

Lack of variety and interest; tedious sameness or repetition. (एकरसता, नीरसता)

Synonyms: Boredom, Tedium, Dullness, Uniformity

Antonyms: Variety, Excitement, Diversity, Change

Example: He left his job because the monotony of daily routine made him feel drained and uninspired.

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20 Haphazard (adjective)

Lacking any obvious principle of organization; done in a random, careless, or disorganized way. (बिना योजना, बेतरतीब)

Synonyms: Random, Erratic, Unsystematic, Aimless

Antonyms: Systematic, Organized, Methodical, Planned

Example: The project failed because of the team’s haphazard approach to planning.

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1 Outcome (noun)

The final result or effect of an action, event, or process. (परिणाम, नतीजा)

Synonyms: Result, Consequence, Effect, Aftermath

Antonyms: Cause, Source, Beginning, Origin

Example: The outcome of the exam depends on how well you have prepared throughout the year.

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2 Trait (noun)

A distinguishing quality, characteristic, or feature of a person’s nature or personality. (विशेषता, गुण)

Synonyms: Characteristic, Attribute, Quality, Feature

Antonyms: Flaw, Defect, Blemish, Weakness

Example: Honesty is a trait that everyone appreciates in a friend.

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3 Premise (noun)

A basic statement, idea, or assumption that forms the foundation of an argument, theory, or conclusion. (आधारभूत धारणा / मूल आधार)

Synonyms: Assumption, Presupposition, Proposition, Basis

Antonyms: Conclusion, Result, Consequence, Afterthought

Example: If your initial premise is wrong, the entire argument becomes weak.

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4 Insight (noun)

The ability to clearly understand the true nature of something; deep understanding. (गहरी समझ, अंतरदृष्टि)

Synonyms: Understanding, Perception, Awareness, Acumen

Antonyms: Ignorance, Confusion, Blindness, Misunderstanding

Example: Her insight into human behavior makes her an excellent counselor.

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5 Burden (noun)

A heavy load, duty, or responsibility that causes worry, difficulty, or stress. (बोझ, भार)

Synonyms: Load, Liability, Encumbrance, Strain

Antonyms: Relief, Comfort, Advantage, Blessing

Example: The financial burden of the loan made it difficult for the family to manage their daily expenses.

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6 Resentment (noun)

A feeling of deep anger, bitterness, or displeasure about something considered unfair or insulting. (रोष, नाराज़गी)

Synonyms: Bitterness, Grudge, Indignation, Hostility

Antonyms: Forgiveness, Goodwill, Contentment, Acceptance

Example: Years of unfair treatment filled him with resentment towards his colleagues.

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7 Renounce (verb)

To formally give up, reject, or stop following a belief, claim, habit, or position. (त्याग देना / औपचारिक रूप से छोड़ देना)

Synonyms: Abandon, Relinquish, Forsake, Repudiate

Antonyms: Adopt, Embrace, Claim, Accept

Example: He decided to renounce his claim to the property to avoid further disputes.

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8 Posterity (noun)

All future generations of people; those who come after you in time. (आने वाली पीढ़ियाँ)

Synonyms: Future generations, Descendants, Progeny, Heirs

Antonyms: Ancestors, Forefathers, Predecessors, Past generations

Example: We must protect the environment so that posterity can enjoy a healthy planet.

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9 Discord (noun)

Disagreement or conflict between people; lack of harmony. (कलह, मतभेद)

Synonyms: Conflict, Disagreement, Dissent, Strife

Antonyms: Harmony, Accord, Unity, Consensus

Example: The policy created discord among the members of the committee.

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10 Embolden (verb)

To give someone the confidence or courage to do something; to make bold. (साहस बढ़ाना)

Synonyms: Encourage, Inspire, Fortify, Hearten

Antonyms: Discourage, Deter, Hinder, Restrain

Example: His success emboldened him to take on even bigger challenges.

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11 Plummet (verb)

To fall or drop straight down at high speed; to decrease suddenly and steeply. (अचानक बहुत तेज़ी से गिर जाना)

Synonyms: Drop, Tumble, Descend, Crash

Antonyms: Rise, Soar, Ascend, Increase

Example: Share prices began to plummet after the unexpected economic announcement.

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12 Palliate (verb)

To make something (especially pain, disease, or a bad situation) less severe or unpleasant without removing its cause. (किसी दुख, कष्ट या समस्या की तीव्रता को कम करना, पर पूरी तरह समाप्त न करना)

Synonyms: Alleviate, Mitigate, Soothe, Ease

Antonyms: Aggravate, Exacerbate, Worsen, Intensify

Example: The medicine helped to palliate his pain, even though it could not cure the disease completely.

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13 Ludicrous (adjective)

So unreasonable, silly, or ridiculous that it deserves to be laughed at. (हद से ज़्यादा हास्यास्पद, बेहद बेवकूफ़ाना)

Synonyms: Absurd, Ridiculous, Preposterous, Laughable

Antonyms: Sensible, Reasonable, Serious, Rational

Example: The idea that he could finish a month’s work in one day was completely ludicrous.

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14 Stature (noun)

A person’s natural height; also the level of respect, importance, or reputation that a person or organisation has. (कद, प्रतिष्ठा, महत्व)

Synonyms: Height, Status, Prestige, Standing

Antonyms: Insignificance, Lowliness, Unimportance, Obscurity

Example: Over the years, her stature in the academic community has grown tremendously.

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15 Detriment (noun)

Harm, damage, or loss caused to someone or something; the state of being hurt or disadvantaged. (हानि, नुक़सान)

Synonyms: Harm, Damage, Injury, Disadvantage

Antonyms: Benefit, Advantage, Gain, Profit

Example: Excessive use of social media can be a detriment to your concentration and productivity.

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16 Succour (noun/verb)

Help and support given to someone in times of hardship or distress; to give help or relief. (कष्ट या संकट में दी गई सहायता, राहत देना)

Synonyms: Aid, Assist, Support, Relief

Antonyms: Neglect, Abandon, Ignore, Hinder

Example: Volunteers rushed to provide succour to the flood-affected families.

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17 Intervene (verb)

To come between people, events, or situations in order to help, stop, or change something; to interfere in a situation. (हस्तक्षेप करना, बीच में पड़ना)

Synonyms: Interfere, Mediate, Intercede, Interrupt

Antonyms: Ignore, Avoid, Overlook, Neglect

Example: The teacher had to intervene when the argument between the two students started getting aggressive.

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18 Sedentary (adjective)

Involving a lot of sitting and very little physical activity; inactive lifestyle. (ज़्यादातर बैठे-बैठे रहने वाला, कम सक्रिय)

Synonyms: Inactive, Stationary, Inert, Desk-bound

Antonyms: Active, Energetic, Mobile, Dynamic

Example: A sedentary lifestyle can lead to various health problems like obesity and heart disease.

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19 Collegial (adjective)

Relating to a friendly, cooperative relationship among colleagues, where power and responsibility are shared. (सहकर्मियों के बीच मैत्रीपूर्ण और सहयोगी माहौल से जुड़ा)

Synonyms: Cooperative, Collaborative, Friendly, Supportive

Antonyms: Hostile, Antagonistic, Unfriendly, Divisive

Example: The collegial atmosphere in the department made it easy for new employees to adjust and share their ideas.

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20 Stagnate (verb)

To stop developing, progressing, or moving; to become inactive or dull. (ठहर जाना, ठप पड़ जाना)

Synonyms: Idle, Languish, Decline, Deteriorate

Antonyms: Grow, Develop, Progress, Advance

Example: If a company fails to innovate, its growth may stagnate over time.

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1 Sustain (verb)

To keep something going over time; to maintain, support, or endure without giving way. (बनाए रखना, सहारा देना, झेलना)

Synonyms: Maintain, Uphold, Support, Endure

Antonyms: Abandon, Neglect, Weaken, Discontinue

Example: A healthy diet and regular exercise can help sustain your energy throughout the day.

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2 Reinforce (verb)

To make something stronger or more effective, especially by adding support, resources, or additional evidence. (मजबूत करना, सुदृढ़ करना)

Synonyms: Strengthen, Bolster, Fortify, Support

Antonyms: Weaken, Undermine, Diminish, Sap

Example: The teacher used real-life examples to reinforce the students’ understanding of the concept.

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3 Condemn (verb)

To express strong disapproval of something or someone, often publicly; to declare something wrong, evil, or unacceptable. (कड़ी निंदा करना, दोषी ठहराना)

Synonyms: Denounce, Criticize, Censure, Blame

Antonyms: Praise, Approve, Commend, Endorse

Example: The international community condemned the attack as a violation of human rights.

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4 Bewilder (verb)

To completely confuse or puzzle someone; to make someone unable to understand what is happening. (हतप्रभ या उलझन में डाल देना)

Synonyms: Confuse, Perplex, Baffle, Puzzle

Antonyms: Clarify, Explain, Enlighten, Inform

Example: The complex instructions only served to bewilder the new employees.

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5 Commend (verb)

To praise someone or something formally or officially; to speak favorably of; to recommend as worthy. (प्रशंसा करना, सिफारिश करना)

Synonyms: Praise, Applaud, Laud, Endorse

Antonyms: Criticize, Blame, Condemn, Disapprove

Example: The teacher commended the student for her dedication and hard work.

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6 Opportune (adjective)

Occurring at a suitable or convenient time; especially favorable or well-timed. (उपयुक्त समय पर होने वाला, समयानुकूल)

Synonyms: Timely, Well-timed, Favorable, Auspicious

Antonyms: Inopportune, Untimely, Unfavorable, Ill-timed

Example: The rain came at an opportune moment, just when the farmers needed water for their crops.

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7 Sparse (adjective)

Thinly scattered or distributed; present only in small amounts; not dense or plentiful. (विरल, कम मात्रा में फैला हुआ)

Synonyms: Scanty, Meager, Scattered, Thin

Antonyms: Dense, Abundant, Plentiful, Packed

Example: Vegetation was sparse in the desert, with only a few bushes visible for miles.

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8 Congenial (adjective)

Pleasant and friendly; suited to one’s taste, interests, or nature; easy to get along with. (अनुकूल, मिलनसार, सद्भावी)

Synonyms: Friendly, Amiable, Agreeable, Like-minded

Antonyms: Hostile, Unfriendly, Disagreeable, Incompatible

Example: She found a congenial group of friends who shared her love for books and music.

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9 Artifice (noun)

Clever or cunning tricks used to deceive others; an ingenious but false or insincere device or strategy. (चालाकी भरी चाल, धोखे से की गई तरकीब)

Synonyms: Deception, Trickery, Cunning, Stratagem

Antonyms: Honesty, Sincerity, Candor, Frankness

Example: The lawyer saw through the witness’s artifice and exposed the truth in court.

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10 Rejuvenate (verb)

To make someone or something look or feel younger, fresher, or more energetic; to restore to a good condition. (पुनर्जीवित करना, तरोताजा करना)

Synonyms: Revive, Renew, Refresh, Restore

Antonyms: Exhaust, Weaken, Deplete, Drain

Example: A short vacation was enough to rejuvenate his tired mind.

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11 Reliable (adjective)

Consistently good in quality or performance; able to be trusted or depended on. (विश्वसनीय, भरोसेमंद)

Synonyms: Trustworthy, Dependable, Steady, Consistent

Antonyms: Unreliable, Untrustworthy, Inconsistent, Erratic

Example: She is a reliable friend who always supports you when things get difficult.

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12 Precise (adjective)

Exact and accurate in detail; expressed clearly and with careful attention to correctness. (सटीक, बिल्कुल सही और स्पष्ट)

Synonyms: Exact, Accurate, Specific, Definite

Antonyms: Vague, Inaccurate, Approximate, Ambiguous

Example: The scientist gave a precise explanation of the experiment so that no one could misunderstand it.

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13 Vital (adjective)

Absolutely necessary or extremely important; essential to the existence, success, or well-being of something. (अत्यंत आवश्यक, जीवन या सफलता के लिए अनिवार्य)

Synonyms: Essential, Crucial, Indispensable, Key

Antonyms: Unimportant, Nonessential, Trivial, Minor

Example: Drinking clean water is vital for maintaining good health.

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14 Ingenuous (adjective)

Innocent and unsuspecting; open, sincere, and straightforward, often in a childlike or naive way. (भोला और सीधा-साधा, बिना चालाकी के)

Synonyms: Naive, Innocent, Sincere, Frank

Antonyms: Deceitful, Cunning, Crafty, Insincere

Example: Her ingenuous smile made it clear that she had no idea about the office politics.

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15 Emphatic (adjective)

Expressed with strong emphasis; showing something clearly, firmly, and with force. (ज़ोर देकर, दृढ़ता से कहा गया)

Synonyms: Forceful, Assertive, Insistent, Vigorous

Antonyms: Weak, Hesitant, Uncertain, Indecisive

Example: She gave an emphatic “no” when asked if she would support the unfair plan.

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16 Inquisitive (adjective)

Having or showing a strong desire to learn or know things; very curious, often by asking many questions. (जिज्ञासु, बहुत सवाल पूछने वाला)

Synonyms: Curious, Questioning, Probing, Inquiring

Antonyms: Indifferent, Uninterested, Apathetic, Incurious

Example: The inquisitive child kept asking questions about how the machine worked.

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17 Authentic (adjective)

Genuine and real; not fake, copied, or false. Trustworthy and true to its origin. (प्रामाणिक, असली, विश्वसनीय)

Synonyms: Genuine, Real, Legitimate, Trustworthy

Antonyms: Fake, False, Imitation, Unreliable

Example: The museum claimed that the painting was an authentic work of the famous artist.

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18 Abundant (adjective)

Existing or available in large quantities; more than enough. (प्रचुर मात्रा में, बहुत अधिक)

Synonyms: Plentiful, Ample, Bountiful, Copious

Antonyms: Scarce, Insufficient, Limited, Meagre

Example: The farmer was happy to see an abundant harvest after the good monsoon.

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19 Expedient (adjective)

(Of an action) convenient and practical, although possibly improper or immoral; done because it is useful or advantageous rather than right. (सुविधाजनक या लाभदायक भले ही नैतिक रूप से सही न हो)

Synonyms: Convenient, Advantageous, Pragmatic, Opportunistic

Antonyms: Inconvenient, Ineffective, Unsuitable, Detrimental

Example: The manager chose the most expedient solution, even though it was unfair to some employees.

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20 Visceral (adjective)

Relating to deep inward feelings rather than to the intellect; coming from instinct or gut feeling. (अंतर्मन से उठने वाला, गहरी भावनात्मक या सहज प्रतिक्रिया)

Synonyms: Instinctive, Intuitive, Emotional, Gut

Antonyms: Rational, Logical, Cerebral, Deliberate

Example: She had a visceral fear of heights that no amount of reasoning could remove.

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1 Axiomatic (adjective)

Self-evidently true; accepted as a basic principle that does not need proof. (स्वयंसिद्ध, जिसे प्रमाण की आवश्यकता न हो)

Synonyms: Self-evident, Obvious, Undeniable, Indisputable

Antonyms: Doubtful, Questionable, Debatable, Uncertain

Example: In a democracy, it is axiomatic that all citizens should have equal rights before the law.

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2 Hedonistic (adjective)

Devoted to the pursuit of pleasure and self-indulgence, often ignoring moral or practical considerations. (सुख–भोग और विलासिता में डूबा हुआ, भोगवादी)

Synonyms: Pleasure-seeking, Self-indulgent, Sensual, Sybaritic

Antonyms: Ascetic, Austere, Self-denying, Spartan

Example: His hedonistic lifestyle left him momentarily happy but ultimately empty and unfulfilled.

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3 Chronicle (verb)

To record events in the order they happen; to write or tell the history of something in detail. (घटनाओं को क्रम से दर्ज करना, विस्तार से इतिहास लिखना)

Synonyms: Record, Document, Recount, Narrate

Antonyms: Suppress, Conceal, Erase, Forget

Example: The journalist aimed to chronicle the struggles of the villagers during the drought.

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4 Demur (verb)

To raise doubts or objections; to show reluctance or hesitation. (आपत्ति करना, हिचकिचाना)

Synonyms: Object, Protest, Dissent, Hesitate

Antonyms: Agree, Consent, Approve, Accept

Example: She agreed to most of the proposal but began to demur when the risks were explained.

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5 Melancholy (noun/adjective)

A deep, long-lasting sadness or gloomy mood; a feeling of pensive sorrow. (गहरी उदासी या विषाद की भावना)

Synonyms: Sadness, Gloom, Dejection, Despondency

Antonyms: Joy, Cheerfulness, Happiness, Elation

Example: After the festival ended, a quiet melancholy settled over the empty streets.

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6 Penchant (noun)

A strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something. (किसी चीज़ के प्रति गहरा झुकाव या आदतन रुचि)

Synonyms: Liking, Fondness, Inclination, Predilection

Antonyms: Dislike, Aversion, Indifference, Disfavor

Example: She has a strong penchant for classical music and attends every local concert.

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7 Decorous (adjective)

Behaving in a polite, proper, and socially acceptable way; marked by good taste and manners. (शिष्ट, मर्यादित, मर्यादा पूर्ण)

Synonyms: Proper, Dignified, Civil, Respectable

Antonyms: Improper, Rude, Indecent, Unseemly

Example: His decorous behavior at the formal dinner impressed everyone present.

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8 Ennoble (verb)

To give someone a higher rank or title; to make something or someone more noble, dignified, or honorable. (उच्च पद या गरिमा प्रदान करना)

Synonyms: Elevate, Exalt, Dignify, Honor

Antonyms: Degrade, Demean, Disgrace, Abase

Example: Great acts of kindness can ennoble even the most ordinary person.

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9 Cathartic (adjective)

Providing psychological relief by expressing strong emotions; emotionally cleansing or purifying. (मन की शुद्धि देने वाला, भावनाओं का बोझ हल्का करने वाला)

Synonyms: Purging, Cleansing, Therapeutic, Liberating

Antonyms: Distressing, Burdening, Oppressive, Harmful

Example: After the intense argument, writing in her journal felt deeply cathartic.

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10 Confluent (adjective)

Flowing or running together; merging into one (एक साथ बहने वाला या मिल जाने वाला).

Synonyms: Merging, Converging, Combining, Coalescing

Antonyms: Divergent, Separate, Discrete, Dividing

Example: The two confluent rivers formed a vast and powerful waterway.

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1 Economical (adjective)

Using money or resources carefully and without waste; cost-effective. (किफायती, मितव्ययी)

Synonyms: Thrifty, Frugal, Cost-effective, Efficient

Antonyms: Wasteful, Extravagant, Lavish, Profligate

Example: By being economical with her monthly expenses, she managed to save enough money for her higher studies.

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2 Synopsis (noun)

A brief summary or general overview of a subject, story, or situation. (संक्षिप्त सार, रूपरेखा)

Synonyms: Summary, Outline, Abstract, Digest

Antonyms: Detail, Expansion, Elaboration, Full text

Example: Before reading the novel, she checked the synopsis on the back cover to understand the main plot.

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3 Pedagogy (noun)

The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept. (शिक्षण की विधि और कला)

Synonyms: Teaching, Instruction, Education, Didactics

Antonyms: Ignorance, Miseducation, Illiteracy, Confusion

Example: Modern pedagogy encourages teachers to focus on student participation rather than one-way lectures.

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4 Forbearance (noun)

Patient self-control; the quality of being calm, tolerant, and not reacting in anger, especially when you could punish or criticize. (धैर्यपूर्वक सहनशीलता, संयम)

Synonyms: Patience, Tolerance, Restraint, Leniency

Antonyms: Impatience, Intolerance, Aggression, Harshness

Example: The teacher showed great forbearance by calmly explaining the concept again instead of scolding the students.

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5 Connotation (noun)

An idea, feeling, or indirect meaning that a word suggests beyond its literal definition. (अंतर्निहित अर्थ, किसी शब्द का छिपा हुआ या भावनात्मक अर्थ)

Synonyms: Implication, Suggestion, Undertone, Nuance

Antonyms: Denotation, Explicitness, Clarity, Directness

Example: The word “home” has a warm connotation of comfort and family, beyond just being a place to live.

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6 Relevance (noun)

The quality or state of being closely connected with or important to what is being considered. (प्रासंगिकता, विषय से सीधा संबंध होना)

Synonyms: Significance, Pertinence, Applicability, Connection

Antonyms: Irrelevance, Immateriality, Inapplicability, Unrelatedness

Example: The teacher questioned the relevance of adding that topic to the syllabus since it did not match the exam pattern.

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7 Consolidation (noun)

The act or process of making something stronger, more stable, or bringing separate parts together into a single whole. (मजबूत और स्थिर बनाना, या टुकड़ों को जोड़कर एक मजबूत रूप देना)

Synonyms: Strengthening, Unification, Integration, Reinforcement

Antonyms: Fragmentation, Weakening, Division, Dispersal

Example: The consolidation of several small companies into one big firm helped reduce costs and increase profits.

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8 Predicament (noun)

A difficult, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation where it is hard to know what to do. (कठिन और उलझनभरी स्थिति)

Synonyms: Dilemma, Quandary, Plight, Jam

Antonyms: Solution, Advantage, Relief, Escape

Example: She found herself in a predicament when both job offers came on the same day and she had to choose one quickly.

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9 Aptitude (noun)

A natural ability or talent to do something, especially in learning or a particular skill. (प्राकृतिक योग्यता, किसी कार्य में जन्मजात क्षमता)

Synonyms: Talent, Ability, Flair, Proficiency

Antonyms: Inability, Ineptitude, Weakness, Clumsiness

Example: Her strong mathematical aptitude helped her clear the entrance exam with a high score.

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10 Tedium (noun)

The state of being bored, monotonous, or tiresome; long and repetitive boredom. (उबाऊपन, नीरसता)

Synonyms: Monotony, Boredom, Ennui, Dullness

Antonyms: Excitement, Variety, Stimulation, Liveliness

Example: The tedium of doing the same task every day made him lose interest in his work.

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11 Supplicate (verb)

To ask or beg for something earnestly and humbly. (विनती करना, प्रार्थना करना)

Synonyms: Beseech, Implore, Plead, Entreat

Antonyms: Demand, Insist, Command, Refuse

Example: The flood-affected villagers supplicated the government for food and shelter.

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12 Perturb (verb)

To make someone anxious, upset, or unsettled; to disturb or trouble the mind. (व्याकुल करना, बेचैन करना)

Synonyms: Disturb, Unsettle, Agitate, Bother

Antonyms: Calm, Soothe, Reassure, Comfort

Example: The sudden change in exam pattern perturbed many students preparing for the test.

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13 Apposite (adjective)

Suitable and right for a particular situation; appropriate and relevant. (उपयुक्त, अनुकूल, सटीक)

Synonyms: Appropriate, Apt, Relevant, Pertinent

Antonyms: Inappropriate, Irrelevant, Unsuitable, Inapt

Example: Her apposite remark during the discussion clarified the whole confusion in the classroom.

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14 Entreat (verb)

To ask someone earnestly and anxiously to do something; to beg or plead with deep seriousness. (गुहार लगाना, विनती करना)

Synonyms: Beg, Beseech, Implore, Plead

Antonyms: Demand, Insist, Refuse, Command

Example: The student entreated the teacher to give him one last chance to submit his assignment.

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15 Rectitude (noun)

Morally correct behaviour or thinking; righteousness and honesty in character and actions. (नैतिक सच्चाई, ईमानदारी)

Synonyms: Integrity, Righteousness, Uprightness, Probity

Antonyms: Dishonesty, Immorality, Corruption, Depravity

Example: Despite the pressure to cheat in the exam, his sense of rectitude did not allow him to do anything wrong.

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16 Turbulent (adjective)

Moving in a violent, disorderly, or unstable way; full of conflict, confusion, or disturbance. (अशांत, उथल-पुथल भरा)

Synonyms: Stormy, Chaotic, Agitated, Unstable

Antonyms: Calm, Peaceful, Serene, Stable

Example: The country went through a turbulent period of political unrest and economic crisis.

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17 Acrid (adjective)

Having a strong, sharp, and unpleasant taste or smell; also harsh or bitter in speech. (तीखा, कड़वा, चुभने वाला)

Synonyms: Pungent, Bitter, Harsh, Caustic

Antonyms: Mild, Pleasant, Sweet, Gentle

Example: Thick acrid smoke filled the room, making it difficult to breathe.

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18 Transitory (adjective)

Lasting for only a short time; not permanent. (अस्थायी, अल्पकालिक)

Synonyms: Temporary, Fleeting, Momentary, Short-lived

Antonyms: Permanent, Lasting, Enduring, Long-term

Example: The company faced some transitory losses before its profits started increasing again.

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19 Requisite (adjective)

Made necessary by particular circumstances or regulations; essential or required. (आवश्यक, अनिवार्य)

Synonyms: Necessary, Essential, Indispensable, Required

Antonyms: Optional, Unnecessary, Superfluous, Dispensable

Example: Hard work and consistency are requisite qualities for success in competitive exams.

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20 Amorphous (adjective)

Having no clear or definite shape or form; shapeless and without a fixed structure. (रूपहीन, अनिर्धारित आकार वाला)

Synonyms: Shapeless, Formless, Nebulous, Indefinite

Antonyms: Definite, Structured, Well-defined, Distinct

Example: The plan was still amorphous, lacking clear steps or a proper structure.

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1 Vocation (noun)

A strong feeling of suitability for a particular career or occupation; one’s regular job or profession. (व्यवसाय, पेशा, किसी कार्य के प्रति बुलावा या रुचि)

Synonyms: Calling, Profession, Occupation, Career

Antonyms: Hobby, Pastime, Avocation, Idleness

Example: She felt that teaching was not just a job but her true vocation in life.

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2 Stipend (noun)

A fixed regular payment, usually a small amount, given for work, training, or services, often to students or trainees. (नियत भत्ता, नियमित रूप से मिलने वाला वेतन/भत्ता)

Synonyms: Allowance, Grant, Honorarium, Salary

Antonyms: Debt, Fine, Deduction, Forfeiture

Example: The research scholar received a monthly stipend from the university to support his studies.

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3 Fruition (noun)

The point at which a plan, project, or desire is successfully completed or achieved. (सफल परिणाम, सिद्धि, फल प्राप्ति)

Synonyms: Fulfilment, Realization, Achievement, Completion

Antonyms: Failure, Frustration, Defeat, Collapse

Example: Years of hard work came to fruition when she finally cleared the civil services exam.

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4 Cynical (adjective)

Believing that people are motivated purely by self-interest; distrustful of others’ sincerity or goodness. (निंदक, अविश्वासी, जो हर चीज़ में स्वार्थ देखे)

Synonyms: Skeptical, Distrustful, Pessimistic, Sardonic

Antonyms: Trusting, Optimistic, Idealistic, Gullible

Example: After being cheated several times in business, he became cynical about people’s promises.

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5 Tolerance (noun)

The ability or willingness to accept differences, endure hardships, or allow something unpleasant without reacting negatively. (सहनशीलता, बर्दाश्त करने की क्षमता)

Synonyms: Patience, Endurance, Acceptance, Open-mindedness

Antonyms: Intolerance, Impatience, Rigidity, Narrow-mindedness

Example: A peaceful society can exist only when people show tolerance towards different cultures and opinions.

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6 Longevity (noun)

Long life or long duration of something, especially a person’s life. (दीर्घायु, लम्बी आयु या अवधि)

Synonyms: Lifespan, Durability, Endurance, Permanence

Antonyms: Brevity, Mortality, Shortness, Transience

Example: Regular exercise and a balanced diet can significantly increase a person’s longevity.

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7 Animosity (noun)

Strong hostility or hatred; a feeling of active dislike towards someone. (द्वेष, शत्रुता, गहरी नफ़रत)

Synonyms: Hostility, Enmity, Antagonism, Bitterness

Antonyms: Friendship, Goodwill, Affection, Harmony

Example: Years after the dispute, there was still animosity between the two families.

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8 Commiserate (verb)

To express or feel sympathy or pity; to share in someone’s sorrow or disappointment. (संवेदना प्रकट करना, दुख में साझेदार होना)

Synonyms: Sympathize, Console, Empathize, Condole

Antonyms: Ignore, Neglect, Mock, Dismiss

Example: After he failed the exam, his friends called to commiserate and encourage him to try again.

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9 Ubiquity (noun)

The state of being everywhere or very widespread; something found or seen all around. (सर्वव्यापकता, हर जगह मौजूद होना)

Synonyms: Omnipresence, Pervasiveness, Prevalence, Universality

Antonyms: Rarity, Scarcity, Infrequency, Absence

Example: The ubiquity of smartphones has completely changed how people communicate and access information.

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10 Recluse (noun)

A person who lives a solitary life and tends to avoid other people. (एकांतवासी, जो लोगों से दूर रहता है)

Synonyms: Hermit, Solitary, Loner, Ascetic

Antonyms: Socialite, Extrovert, Companion, Mixer

Example: After his wife passed away, he slowly turned into a recluse who rarely stepped out of his home.

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11 Ordeal (noun)

A very unpleasant, difficult, or painful experience, especially one that lasts for a long time. (कठिन परीक्षा, कष्टदायक अनुभव)

Synonyms: Trial, Hardship, Agony, Ordeal

Antonyms: Relief, Comfort, Ease, Pleasure

Example: Losing his job during the crisis was a tough ordeal that tested his patience and strength.

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12 Rational (adjective)

Based on reason, logic, or clear thinking rather than emotions or impulses. (तार्किक, विवेकपूर्ण)

Synonyms: Logical, Reasonable, Sensible, Judicious

Antonyms: Irrational, Illogical, Absurd, Foolish

Example: Before investing his money, he made a rational decision by carefully studying all the risks and returns.

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13 Parlance (noun)

A particular way of speaking or using words; the style of language used by a specific group or in a particular context. (बोलचाल की भाषा, प्रचलित बोलचाल)

Synonyms: Terminology, Jargon, Usage, Phraseology

Antonyms: Silence, Muteness, Quiet, Wordlessness

Example: In legal parlance, even simple ideas are often expressed in very complex language.

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14 Stigma (noun)

A mark of shame or disapproval that affects a person’s reputation; strong social disapproval of something. (कलंक, बदनामी)

Synonyms: Shame, Disgrace, Taint, Blot

Antonyms: Honor, Respect, Esteem, Approval

Example: The social stigma around mental illness often prevents people from seeking the help they need.

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15 Skirmish (noun)

A brief, minor fight or battle, especially between small groups; a slight conflict or dispute. (छोटी झड़प, हल्का संघर्ष)

Synonyms: Clash, Scuffle, Fight, Encounter

Antonyms: Peace, Truce, Harmony, Agreement

Example: The two rival groups had a small skirmish before the police arrived and separated them.

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16 Knack (noun)

A natural skill or talent for doing something, especially easily. (कौशल, विशेष निपुणता)

Synonyms: Talent, Skill, Aptitude, Flair

Antonyms: Inability, Ineptitude, Clumsiness, Awkwardness

Example: She has a special knack for explaining difficult concepts in a very simple way.

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17 Raucous (adjective)

Making or involving a loud, harsh, and unpleasant noise; noisy and disorderly. (कर्कश, शोरगुल वाला)

Synonyms: Noisy, Boisterous, Rowdy, Clamorous

Antonyms: Quiet, Calm, Gentle, Subdued

Example: The raucous crowd outside the stadium could be heard from several streets away.

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18 Burgeoning (adjective)

Beginning to grow or increase rapidly; expanding quickly. (तेजी से बढ़ता हुआ, उभरता हुआ)

Synonyms: Growing, Expanding, Flourishing, Proliferating

Antonyms: Declining, Shrinking, Diminishing, Withering

Example: The burgeoning startup attracted many investors within just a few months.

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19 Zenith (noun)

The highest point or peak; the time when something is most powerful or successful. (चरम बिंदु, शिखर)

Synonyms: Peak, Apex, Acme, Summit

Antonyms: Nadir, Bottom, Base, Depth

Example: The company reached its zenith of success after launching its innovative product line.

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20 Lofty (adjective)

Of imposing height; noble, elevated, or grand in character or ideals. (उच्च, महान, उच्च आदर्श वाला)

Synonyms: Elevated, Grand, Sublime, Noble

Antonyms: Lowly, Mean, Modest, Inferior

Example: She pursued her lofty dreams with unwavering determination.

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1 Gritty (adjective)

Showing courage and determination; having a harsh or rough quality (like sand or dirt). (दृढ़ निश्चयी, कर्कश / रुखा)

Synonyms: Courageous, Tough, Resolute, Tenacious

Antonyms: Weak, Cowardly, Soft, Hesitant

Example: Despite many failures, the gritty player kept practicing until he finally made the national team.

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2 Variegated (adjective)

Having many different colors or forms; marked by variety or diversity. (विविध रंगों या रूपों वाला, विविधतापूर्ण)

Synonyms: Multicolored, Diverse, Mixed, Heterogeneous

Antonyms: Uniform, Monochromatic, Homogeneous, Similar

Example: The artist loved using variegated patterns to make her paintings look lively and unique.

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3 Hyperbole (noun)

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. (अतिशयोक्तिपूर्ण कथन)

Synonyms: Exaggeration, Overstatement, Embellishment, Overemphasis

Antonyms: Understatement, Literalness, Moderation, Restraint

Example: Saying “I’ve told you a million times” is a clear example of hyperbole.

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4 Ecstatic (adjective)

Feeling or expressing overwhelming happiness or joyful excitement. (उल्लास से भरपूर, अत्यंत प्रसन्न)

Synonyms: Overjoyed, Elated, Thrilled, Euphoric

Antonyms: Miserable, Depressed, Sad, Unhappy

Example: She was ecstatic when she found out she had secured the first rank in the examination.

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5 Wistful (adjective)

Having or showing a feeling of vague or regretful longing; sadly thoughtful. (आकांक्षापूर्ण उदास, व्याकुल)

Synonyms: Longing, Yearning, Nostalgic, Melancholic

Antonyms: Content, Satisfied, Cheerful, Untroubled

Example: She gave a wistful smile as she looked at the old photographs from her childhood.

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6 Ancestral (adjective)

Related to or inherited from ancestors; belonging to the family members of earlier generations. (पूर्वजों से संबंधित, पैतृक)

Synonyms: Hereditary, Inherited, Familial, Lineal

Antonyms: Modern, New, Individual, Personal (self-earned)

Example: The siblings fought a long legal battle over their ancestral property in the village.

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7 Eerie (adjective)

Strange and frightening; causing a feeling of uneasiness or fear. (अजीब और भयावह)

Synonyms: Spooky, Creepy, Uncanny, Ghostly

Antonyms: Normal, Ordinary, Comforting, Familiar

Example: The empty playground looked eerie in the foggy early morning.

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8 Aggravate (verb)

To make a problem, situation, or feeling worse or more serious. (बिगाड़ना, और गंभीर कर देना)

Synonyms: Worsen, Exacerbate, Intensify, Heighten

Antonyms: Improve, Alleviate, Ease, Reduce

Example: His constant complaints only served to aggravate the tension in the office.

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9 Poignant (adjective)

Deeply touching or moving, especially by causing a strong feeling of sadness or regret. (मार्मिक, करुणाजनक)

Synonyms: Touching, Moving, Heartrending, Stirring

Antonyms: Unmoving, Unaffecting, Cheerful, Lighthearted

Example: The film’s poignant ending left many people in the audience wiping away tears.

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10 Precarious (adjective)

Not securely held or in position; dangerously likely to fall or collapse; uncertain or risky. (अस्थिर, जोखिम भरा)

Synonyms: Unsafe, Insecure, Hazardous, Perilous

Antonyms: Safe, Secure, Stable, Certain

Example: Hiking on the precarious mountain ledge made everyone move very slowly and carefully.

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11 Stifle (verb)

To stop something from happening or developing; to suppress a feeling, action, or sound, or to make it hard to breathe.

Synonyms: Suppress, Smother, Restrain, Repress

Antonyms: Encourage, Release, Promote, Express

Example: The strict rules tended to stifle the students' creativity.

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12 Juncture (noun)

A particular point in time, especially an important or critical moment; also a place where things join or connect.

Synonyms: Moment, Stage, Crossroads, Turning point

Antonyms: End, Outcome, Separation, Disconnection

Example: At this crucial juncture in her life, she had to choose between moving abroad or staying with her family.

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13 Harrowing (adjective)

Extremely distressing, upsetting, or painful to experience. (बहुत पीड़ादायक, अत्यंत कष्टदायक)

Synonyms: Distressing, Traumatic, Agonizing, Painful

Antonyms: Comforting, Pleasant, Soothing, Enjoyable

Example: Watching the harrowing documentary about the war left the audience in shocked silence.

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14 Intrigue (verb/noun)

To arouse curiosity or interest; also to make secret plans, often for something dishonest or harmful. (जिज्ञासा उत्पन्न करना / गुप्त साज़िश करना)

Synonyms: Fascinate, Captivate, Arouse curiosity, Engage

Antonyms: Bore, Disinterest, Repel, Disenchant

Example: The mysterious letter began to intrigue the detectives, forcing them to reopen the case.

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15 Embellish (verb)

To make something more attractive by adding decorative details; to add extra (often untrue) details to make a story more interesting. (सजाना, सुशोभित करना)

Synonyms: Adorn, Ornament, Decorate, Enhance

Antonyms: Simplify, Strip, Deface, Spoil

Example: She decided to embellish her dress with sequins for the party.

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16 Insolvent (adjective)

Unable to pay one’s debts; bankrupt or having more liabilities than assets. (दिवालिया, कंगाल)

Synonyms: Bankrupt, Broke, Ruined, Indebted

Antonyms: Solvent, Prosperous, Affluent, Wealthy

Example: After the business failed, he was declared insolvent by the court.

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17 Turmoil (noun)

A state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty. (अशांति, उथल-पुथल)

Synonyms: Chaos, Uproar, Confusion, Tumult

Antonyms: Calm, Peace, Order, Tranquility

Example: The sudden resignation of the minister plunged the entire government into turmoil.

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18 Torrid (adjective)

Very hot and dry; also used for something full of strong emotion or difficulty. (bahut zyada garm ya bahut intense/mushkil)

Synonyms: Scorching, Sweltering, Blistering, Fiery

Antonyms: Cool, Mild, Pleasant, Temperate

Example: The players struggled in the torrid heat during the afternoon match.

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19 Elaborate (verb)

To explain something in detail or give more information about it. (विस्तार से बताना)

Synonyms: Explain, Expound, Clarify, Illustrate

Antonyms: Shorten, Abridge, Condense, Simplify

Example: The teacher asked him to elaborate his answer for better understanding.

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20 Concurrent (adjective)

Existing, happening, or occurring at the same time; simultaneous. (एक साथ होने वाला)

Synonyms: Simultaneous, Synchronous, Coexistent, Parallel

Antonyms: Separate, Independent, Non-simultaneous, Divergent

Example: Several concurrent events were scheduled on the same day at the festival.

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1 Endow (verb)

To provide or give something valuable, such as a quality, talent, money, or property, to a person or institution. (विशेष गुण, संपत्ति या सहायता प्रदान करना)

Synonyms: Bestow, Grant, Confer, Furnish

Antonyms: Deprive, Divest, Strip, Deny

Example: Nature has endowed her with exceptional musical talent.

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2 Coincide (verb)

To happen at the same time or to be in full agreement with something. (एक साथ होना / मेल खाना)

Synonyms: Concur, Correspond, Match, Align

Antonyms: Differ, Clash, Contradict, Diverge

Example: The exam date will coincide with the festival, making it difficult for students to celebrate.

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3 Deplete (verb)

To use up the supply or resources of something so much that very little or nothing is left. (किसी संसाधन को लगभग समाप्त कर देना)

Synonyms: Exhaust, Drain, Diminish, Use up

Antonyms: Replenish, Renew, Enrich, Restore

Example: Overuse of groundwater can deplete the water table and create a severe water crisis in the region.

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4 Nullify (verb)

To make something legally or practically invalid; to cancel or make it have no value or effect. (निरस्त करना / अमान्य करना)

Synonyms: Invalidate, Cancel, Void, Annul

Antonyms: Validate, Confirm, Ratify, Uphold

Example: The court decided to nullify the agreement because it was signed under pressure.

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5 Denounce (verb)

To publicly declare something or someone to be wrong, evil, or unacceptable; to strongly criticize in public. (निंदा करना / सार्वजनिक रूप से विरोध करना)

Synonyms: Condemn, Criticize, Censure, Decry

Antonyms: Praise, Endorse, Applaud, Commend

Example: The activist chose to denounce the corrupt practices of the officials in front of the media.

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6 Revoke (verb)

To officially cancel, withdraw, or take back a decision, permission, or law. (निरस्त करना / वापस ले लेना)

Synonyms: Cancel, Withdraw, Rescind, Annul

Antonyms: Approve, Enforce, Uphold, Validate

Example: The university decided to revoke his scholarship after he violated the code of conduct.

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7 Revamp (verb)

To improve, renovate, or change something to make it better or more modern. (सुधारना / नया रूप देना)

Synonyms: Renovate, Overhaul, Upgrade, Modernize

Antonyms: Damage, Worsen, Neglect, Degrade

Example: The company decided to revamp its website to attract more customers.

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8 Abolish (verb)

To formally put an end to a system, practice, or institution. (समाप्त करना / किसी व्यवस्था को समाप्त कर देना)

Synonyms: Eliminate, Eradicate, Repeal, Terminate

Antonyms: Establish, Maintain, Approve, Continue

Example: Many countries have abolished laws that discriminated against certain communities.

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9 Scramble (verb)

To move quickly and clumsily, or to mix things up in a confused, disordered way. (घबराकर भागना / गड़बड़ कर देना)

Synonyms: Jumble, Mix up, Rush, Hustle

Antonyms: Organize, Arrange, Order, Calm

Example: The students began to scramble their notes when the surprise test was announced.

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10 Erode (verb)

To gradually wear away or destroy something, especially by natural forces like wind, water, or friction. (क्षरण करना / घिस जाना)

Synonyms: Wear away, Corrode, Deteriorate, Undermine

Antonyms: Build up, Restore, Strengthen, Preserve

Example: Constant floods began to erode the riverbanks, threatening nearby houses.

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11 Squelch (verb)

To completely silence, crush, or suppress something, especially criticism, protests, or noise. (दबाना, कुचल देना, आवाज़ या विरोध को खत्म कर देना)

Synonyms: Suppress, Quash, Silence, Stifle

Antonyms: Encourage, Promote, Amplify, Support

Example: The manager tried to squelch all rumors about the company’s financial problems.

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12 Stem (verb)

To stop, limit, or hold back the flow or progress of something. (रोकना, थामना, काबू में रखना)

Synonyms: Halt, Check, Stop, Restrain

Antonyms: Encourage, Foster, Promote, Prolong

Example: New safety measures were introduced to stem the rising number of road accidents.

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13 Spur (verb)

To encourage, motivate, or cause something to happen or develop faster. (प्रोत्साहित करना / तेज़ी लाना)

Synonyms: Encourage, Stimulate, Prompt, Propel

Antonyms: Discourage, Hinder, Deter, Restrain

Example: The teacher’s praise spurred the students to work even harder for the exam.

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14 Tout (verb)

To attempt to sell something aggressively, or to publicly praise and promote something or someone. (ज़ोर-शोर से बेचना या बढ़-चढ़कर प्रशंसा करना)

Synonyms: Promote, Publicize, Hype, Endorse

Antonyms: Criticize, Conceal, Suppress, Disparage

Example: The company heavily touted its new smartphone as a revolutionary device.

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15 Imbue (verb)

To fill or inspire someone or something with a feeling, quality, or idea; to permeate deeply. (भावना, गुण या विचार से परिपूर्ण कर देना / भर देना)

Synonyms: Inspire, Infuse, Permeate, Saturate

Antonyms: Drain, Empty, Strip, Deprive

Example: The teacher’s passion for history imbued her students with a love for the subject.

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16 Veer (verb)

To change direction suddenly; to turn aside from a course, topic, or behavior. (अचानक दिशा बदलना / मार्ग से हटना)

Synonyms: Swerve, Deviate, Drift, Diverge

Antonyms: Stay, Continue, Persist, Maintain

Example: The car suddenly veered to the left to avoid hitting the cyclist.

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17 Irk (verb)

To irritate, annoy, or bother someone. (परेशान या चिढ़ाना)

Synonyms: Annoy, Irritate, Aggravate, Bother

Antonyms: Please, Delight, Soothe, Comfort

Example: It really irks me when people keep talking loudly during a meeting.

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18 Goad (verb)

To provoke, annoy, or urge someone so that they are pushed into taking action. (उकसाना या प्रेरित करना)

Synonyms: Provoke, Spur, Incite, Prod

Antonyms: Deter, Discourage, Dissuade, Restrain

Example: His constant criticism goaded her into finally proving her abilities.

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19 Abet (verb)

To actively help, encourage, or support someone in doing something wrong or illegal. (उकसाना या गलत काम में सहायता करना)

Synonyms: Assist, Aid, Encourage, Incite

Antonyms: Hinder, Deter, Prevent, Obstruct

Example: He was arrested for abetting the criminals in their attempt to rob the bank.

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20 Adduce (verb)

To cite or offer something (like facts, examples, or evidence) in support of an argument or statement. (उदाहरण या प्रमाण के रूप में प्रस्तुत करना)

Synonyms: Cite, Present, Advance, Offer

Antonyms: Conceal, Suppress, Withhold, Deny

Example: The lawyer adduced several pieces of evidence to prove his client’s innocence.

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1 Dilute (verb)

Make a liquid thinner or weaker by adding another substance (usually water); make something weaker in force, value, or effectiveness. (पतला या कमज़ोर करना)

Synonyms: Weaken, Thin, Diminish, Water-down

Antonyms: Strengthen, Concentrate, Intensify, Enrich

Example: Adding too much water will dilute the juice and spoil its original taste.

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2 Entail (verb)

To involve something as a necessary or unavoidable part or consequence. (अनिवार्य रूप से शामिल होना / परिणामस्वरूप निहित होना)

Synonyms: Involve, Require, Necessitate, Imply

Antonyms: Exclude, Eliminate, Avoid, Preclude

Example: Getting a government job often entails years of consistent hard work and preparation.

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3 Devout (adjective)

Deeply religious or sincerely committed to a belief or purpose. (बहुत धार्मिक / अत्यंत निष्ठावान)

Synonyms: Pious, Faithful, Sincere, Dedicated

Antonyms: Irreligious, Apathetic, Doubtful, Indifferent

Example: She is a devout follower who never misses her daily prayers.

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4 Instill (verb)

To gradually but firmly establish (an idea, attitude, or feeling) in a person's mind. (धीरे-धीरे किसी के मन में भावना या विचार बैठाना)

Synonyms: Implant, Inculcate, Infuse, Imbue

Antonyms: Eradicate, Remove, Expel, Eliminate

Example: Parents should instill good manners in their children from a young age.

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5 Immerse (verb)

To involve oneself deeply in an activity or to put something completely under a liquid. (डूब जाना / पूरी तरह मग्न हो जाना)

Synonyms: Absorb, Engross, Submerge, Plunge

Antonyms: Emerge, Withdraw, Detach, Disengage

Example: She likes to immerse herself in her studies before the final exams.

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6 Detract (verb)

To reduce or take away the worth, value, or importance of something. (महत्त्व या मूल्य कम करना)

Synonyms: Diminish, Undermine, Belittle, Reduce

Antonyms: Enhance, Strengthen, Boost, Improve

Example: His rude behavior during the event did not detract from the success of the program.

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7 Delegate (verb)

To give part of your work, authority, or responsibility to another person so they can do it on your behalf. (जिम्मेदारी सौंपना)

Synonyms: Assign, Entrust, Appoint, Authorize

Antonyms: Retain, Withhold, Keep, Take on

Example: A good leader knows how to delegate tasks to the team to achieve better results.

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8 Confer (verb)

To grant or bestow (a title, honor, or benefit) or to discuss something seriously to reach a decision. (प्रदान करना / विचार-विमर्श करना)

Synonyms: Bestow, Grant, Consult, Deliberate

Antonyms: Withhold, Deprive, Deny, Ignore

Example: The university decided to confer an honorary degree on the distinguished scientist.

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9 Allege (verb)

Claim or assert that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof. (आरोप लगाना)

Synonyms: Claim, Assert, Accuse, Maintain

Antonyms: Deny, Refute, Disprove, Contradict

Example: The witness alleged that the manager had been involved in the fraud.

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10 Abstain (verb)

To deliberately choose not to do something; to refrain from an action, vote, or indulgence. (परहेज करना / दूर रहना)

Synonyms: Refrain, Withhold, Desist, Avoid

Antonyms: Indulge, Participate, Engage, Involve

Example: Many members chose to abstain from voting during the controversial decision.

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11 Unduly (adverb)

To an excessive, unreasonable, or inappropriate degree. (अत्यधिक रूप से, अनुचित रूप से)

Synonyms: Excessively, Unreasonably, Overly, Improperly

Antonyms: Reasonably, Appropriately, Fairly, Justly

Example: Example: The student was unduly punished for a very small mistake.

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12 Dilemma (noun)

A situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more equally undesirable or confusing options. (दुविधा, उलझन)

Synonyms: Predicament, Quandary, Confusion, Plight

Antonyms: Solution, Certainty, Clarity, Advantage

Example: She was in a dilemma about whether to continue her job or prepare full-time for competitive exams.

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13 Inherent (adjective)

Existing in something as a natural, essential, or permanent quality; built-in. (जन्मजात, स्वाभाविक, अंतर्निहित)

Synonyms: Innate, Intrinsic, Natural, Built-in

Antonyms: Acquired, External, Extrinsic, Added

Example: Honesty is an inherent quality of a true leader.

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14 Hierarchy (noun)

A system in which people or things are arranged in levels according to their importance, status, or authority.

Synonyms: Ranking, Order, Pecking order, Chain of command

Antonyms: Equality, Uniformity, Egalitarianism, Parity

Example: In a strict corporate hierarchy, decisions are usually made by people at the top levels of management.

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15 Synergy (noun)

The combined power of a group working together that is greater than the sum of their individual efforts. (सामूहिक तालमेल, संयुक्त शक्ति)

Synonyms: Cooperation, Collaboration, Harmony, Teamwork

Antonyms: Conflict, Discord, Rivalry, Isolation

Example: The synergy between the marketing and sales teams helped the company achieve record profits this year.

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16 Instigate (verb)

To provoke, start, or bring about an action, especially something bad like conflict or wrongdoing. (उकसाना, भड़काना)

Synonyms: Provoke, Incite, Stir, Spur

Antonyms: Deter, Discourage, Hinder, Calm

Example: His hateful speech helped instigate violence in the area.

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17 Contravene (verb)

To act against or be in conflict with a law, rule, or agreement; to break or go against something officially decided.

Synonyms: Violate, Breach, Infringe, Defy

Antonyms: Comply, Obey, Uphold, Follow

Example: The company was fined because it contravened environmental protection laws.

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18 Diverge (verb)

To separate and go in different directions; to differ from a common point or standard. (अलग हो जाना, भिन्न होना)

Synonyms: Separate, Deviate, Split, Divert

Antonyms: Converge, Unite, Combine, Merge

Example: The two friends’ career paths began to diverge after college.

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19 Exemplify (verb)

To show or illustrate something by giving an example; to be a typical example of something. (उदाहरण द्वारा स्पष्ट करना)

Synonyms: Illustrate, Demonstrate, Represent, Manifest

Antonyms: Obscure, Confuse, Misrepresent, Distort

Example: Her disciplined lifestyle exemplifies true dedication and hard work.

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20 Supersede (verb)

To take the place of someone or something; to replace because of being better or more modern. (स्थान लेना, प्रतिस्थापित करना)

Synonyms: Replace, Displace, Succeed, Override

Antonyms: Retain, Keep, Support, Uphold

Example: New digital systems will supersede the old paper-based methods in the office.

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1 Contingent (adjective)

Dependent on certain conditions or circumstances; uncertain, not fixed. (निर्भर, शर्त पर आधारित)

Synonyms: Dependent, Conditional, Subject to, Uncertain

Antonyms: Independent, Certain, Unconditional, Definite

Example: His promotion is contingent on how well he performs in the upcoming project.

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2 Derogatory (adjective)

Showing a critical or disrespectful attitude; intended to insult or belittle someone. (अपमानजनक, तिरस्कारपूर्ण)

Synonyms: Disparaging, Belittling, Insulting, Demeaning

Antonyms: Respectful, Complimentary, Appreciative, Praising

Example: The manager warned him not to use derogatory remarks about his colleagues in the office.

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3 Apprehensive (adjective)

Anxious or fearful that something bad or unpleasant will happen. (चिन्तित, आशंकित, भयभीत)

Synonyms: Anxious, Worried, Uneasy, Fearful

Antonyms: Confident, Assured, Calm, Unconcerned

Example: She felt apprehensive before the interview, unsure of what questions would be asked.

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4 Inadvertent (adjective)

Done unintentionally; not resulting from deliberate planning; accidental. (अनजाने में किया हुआ, अनिच्छित)

Synonyms: Unintentional, Accidental, Unplanned, Unwitting

Antonyms: Intentional, Deliberate, Planned, Conscious

Example: Due to an inadvertent error in the report, the data had to be checked again carefully.

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5 Indigenous (adjective)

Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native to a region or environment. (स्थानीय, मूल निवासी)

Synonyms: Native, Aboriginal, Original, Local

Antonyms: Foreign, Alien, Imported, Nonnative

Example: Many indigenous communities have unique traditions that are closely connected to nature.

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6 Commensurate (adjective)

In proportion; equal in size, degree, or extent; corresponding in amount or level. (अनुरूप, समानुपाती)

Synonyms: Proportionate, Equivalent, Corresponding, Balanced

Antonyms: Disproportionate, Inadequate, Unequal, Incommensurate

Example: Employees expect salaries commensurate with their skills and experience.

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7 Disparity (noun)

A great difference or inequality between people, things, or situations. (असमानता, अंतर)

Synonyms: Inequality, Imbalance, Discrepancy, Divergence

Antonyms: Equality, Similarity, Parity, Uniformity

Example: There is a huge disparity in the quality of education between urban and rural areas.

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8 Restitution (noun)

The act of restoring something lost or stolen to its proper owner; or giving compensation for loss, damage, or injury. (क्षतिपूर्ति करना, वापस लौटाना)

Synonyms: Compensation, Reimbursement, Indemnification, Restoration

Antonyms: Damage, Deprivation, Penalty, Confiscation

Example: The company had to pay restitution to the customers for the financial loss they suffered.

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9 Acquittal (noun)

A judgment that a person is not guilty of the crime they were tried for; clearing someone of a criminal charge. (आरोपों से मुक्ति / बरी किया जाना)

Synonyms: Exoneration, Clearance, Absolution, Vindication

Antonyms: Conviction, Condemnation, Sentence, Blame

Example: The evidence was not strong enough, which led to his acquittal in the fraud case.

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10 Incorrigible (adjective)

Impossible to correct, reform, or improve; very difficult to change in habits or behavior. (असंशोधित / जिसे सुधारा न जा सके)

Synonyms: Hopeless, Unreformable, Unmanageable, Intractable

Antonyms: Reformable, Curable, Correctable, Manageable

Example: Despite many warnings, his incorrigible habit of coming late to work never changed.

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11 Jettison (verb)

To throw or drop something from a ship, aircraft, or vehicle; to get rid of or abandon something that is no longer needed. (त्याग देना)

Synonyms: Dump, Discard, Abandon, Cast off

Antonyms: Keep, Retain, Preserve, Hold on to

Example: The company decided to jettison its old policies to make room for more modern ideas.

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12 Pariah (noun)

A person who is rejected, avoided, or despised by others; an outcast. (समाज से बहिष्कृत व्यक्ति)

Synonyms: Outcast, Exile, Reject, Leper

Antonyms: Insider, Favorite, Beloved, Accepted

Example: After the scandal, he became a social pariah and no one wanted to be seen with him.

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13 Abysmal (adjective)

Extremely bad or severe; of very poor quality; very deep like an abyss. (बहुत ही घटिया)

Synonyms: Appalling, Dreadful, Terrible, Atrocious

Antonyms: Excellent, Superb, Magnificent, Satisfactory

Example: The team’s performance in the final match was abysmal and disappointed all their fans.

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14 Volition (noun)

The power or ability to choose or decide something by yourself; the act of using your own will. (स्वेच्छा)

Synonyms: Will, Choice, Freewill, Intention

Antonyms: Coercion, Constraint, Force, Compulsion

Example: She joined the organisation of her own volition, without any pressure from her family.

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15 Tractable (adjective)

Easy to control or influence; easy to deal with or manage. (आसानी से नियंत्रित होने वाला)

Synonyms: Manageable, Obedient, Malleable, Compliant

Antonyms: Stubborn, Intractable, Unruly, Headstrong

Example: The new software is so tractable that even beginners can learn it quickly.

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16 Stymie (verb)

To prevent or block progress; to hinder or obstruct. (रोक देना)

Synonyms: Hinder, Thwart, Obstruct, Frustrate

Antonyms: Aid, Assist, Encourage, Facilitate

Example: Complicated rules and red tape can stymie the growth of new businesses.

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17 Palpitate (verb)

For the heart to beat quickly, strongly, or irregularly, often because of excitement, fear, or anxiety. (धड़कना)

Synonyms: Throb, Pound, Flutter, Quiver

Antonyms: Steady, Calm, Soothe, Stabilize

Example: Her heart began to palpitate as she waited for the interview result.

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18 Lurid (adjective)

Very shocking, sensational, or vivid, especially in a way that is unpleasant or exaggerated; also extremely bright and glaring. (भयावह)

Synonyms: Ghastly, Gruesome, Sensational, Shocking

Antonyms: Subtle, Mild, Dull, Pleasant

Example: The newspaper published lurid details about the crime to attract more readers.

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19 Enmity (noun)

A feeling or state of active hatred or hostility towards someone. (दुश्मनी, वैरभाव)

Synonyms: Hostility, Animosity, Antagonism, Hatred

Antonyms: Friendship, Amity, Harmony, Affection

Example: Years of political rivalry had created deep enmity between the two leaders.

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20 Belie (verb)

To give a false impression of something; to show something to be untrue or contradict it. (गलत साबित करना / झुठलाना)

Synonyms: Contradict, Disprove, Falsify, Misrepresent

Antonyms: Confirm, Validate, Uphold, Support

Example: His calm expression belied the anxiety he was actually feeling inside.

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1 Stupendous (adjective)

Extremely impressive, large, or powerful; amazing in scale or degree. (अद्भुत / आश्चर्यजनक / अत्यधिक विशाल)

Synonyms: Astonishing, Remarkable, Extraordinary, Amazing

Antonyms: Ordinary, Insignificant, Mediocre, Unimpressive

Example: The team’s stupendous performance in the final match left the audience speechless.

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2 Derelict (adjective)

In a very poor condition because of disuse or neglect; abandoned. (उपेक्षित / परित्यक्त)

Synonyms: Neglected, Abandoned, Dilapidated, Ruined

Antonyms: Maintained, Cared-for, Preserved, Restored

Example: The derelict building at the end of the street has been empty for more than ten years.

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3 Alienate (verb)

Make someone feel isolated, unfriendly, or no longer connected; to turn away someone’s affection or support. (पराया कर देना / दूर कर देना)

Synonyms: Estrange, Isolate, Distance, Sever

Antonyms: Reconcile, Unite, Befriend, Engage

Example: His constant criticism started to alienate his colleagues at the office.

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4 Dejected (adjective)

Sad and depressed; feeling low in spirits. (उदास / निराश)

Synonyms: Disheartened, Downcast, Depressed, Despondent

Antonyms: Cheerful, Elated, Encouraged, Optimistic

Example: After failing the exam, he sat alone in a dejected mood, avoiding everyone.

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5 Commence (verb)

Begin; start an activity, process, or event. (प्रारंभ करना)

Synonyms: Begin, Initiate, Start, Inaugurate

Antonyms: End, Conclude, Finish, Terminate

Example: The meeting will commence at 10 a.m. sharp.

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6 Retort (verb)

To reply sharply, angrily, or wittily to a remark; give a quick and clever response. (तुरंत और तीखा उत्तर देना)

Synonyms: Reply, Respond, Counter, Rejoin

Antonyms: Ask, Question, Request, Agree

Example: When accused of lying, she quickly retorted that she had proof for everything she said.

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7 Dismantle (verb)

Take (a machine or structure) to pieces; to destroy the integrity or functioning of something. (टुकड़े-टुकड़े करके हटाना / विघटित करना)

Synonyms: Disassemble, Demolish, Break down, Take apart

Antonyms: Assemble, Construct, Build, Restore

Example: The workers had to dismantle the old bridge before starting the new construction.

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8 Salvage (verb)

To save something from being lost, damaged, or destroyed. (बचाना / सुरक्षित करना)

Synonyms: Rescue, Recover, Retrieve, Save

Antonyms: Lose, Abandon, Destroy, Damage

Example: Firefighters managed to salvage important documents from the burning building.

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9 Oblique (adjective)

Not straight or direct; slanting in direction or position, or expressed in an indirect way. (तिरछा)

Synonyms: Slanting, Sloping, Inclined, Indirect

Antonyms: Straight, Direct, Perpendicular, Explicit

Example: The politician gave an oblique answer instead of addressing the question directly.

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10 Censure (verb)

Express severe disapproval of someone or something, typically in a formal statement. (निंदा करना)

Synonyms: Condemn, Reprimand, Rebuke, Criticize

Antonyms: Praise, Approve, Commend, Endorse

Example: The committee decided to censure the officer for his irresponsible behavior.

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1 Portent (noun)

A sign or warning that something, especially something momentous or bad, is likely to happen. (संकेत, शकुन, विशेषकर अशुभ संकेत)

Synonyms: Omen, Sign, Harbinger, Augury

Antonyms: Certainty, Assurance, Normality, Insignificance

Example: Dark clouds on the horizon were seen as a portent of the approaching storm.

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2 Implicate (verb)

To show someone to be involved in a crime or wrongdoing; to involve something as a consequence. (लिप्त ठहराना, संलिप्त दिखाना)

Synonyms: Incriminate, Involve, Entangle, Associate

Antonyms: Exonerate, Absolve, Clear, Vindicate

Example: The police report may implicate several officials in the corruption scandal.

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3 Devious (adjective)

Showing a tendency to use dishonest or indirect methods to achieve one’s goals; not straightforward. (कपटी, टेढ़ा)

Synonyms: Deceitful, Underhanded, Crafty, Cunning

Antonyms: Honest, Straightforward, Sincere, Transparent

Example: The politician’s devious tactics helped him win the election but destroyed people’s trust in him.

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4 Garish (adjective)

Extremely bright, showy, or flashy in a way that is tasteless or unpleasant. (बेहद चटक, भड़कीला, बेसुरा सजावटी)

Synonyms: Gaudy, Flashy, Showy, Tacky

Antonyms: Subtle, Elegant, Modest, Understated

Example: The restaurant’s garish neon lights made it look more like a circus than a fine dining place.

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5 Cede (verb)

To give up power, territory, or rights to another person, group, or country, especially by formal agreement. (समर्पित करना, त्यागना, अधिकार छोड़ना)

Synonyms: Surrender, Relinquish, Yield, Concede

Antonyms: Retain, Keep, Withhold, Preserve

Example: The king was forced to cede part of his land to the invading empire after losing the war.

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6 Reproof (noun)

Blame or criticism for a fault; an expression of disapproval. (फटकार, डांट, आपत्ति जताना)

Synonyms: Rebuke, Reprimand, Censure, Blame

Antonyms: Praise, Approval, Commendation, Applause

Example: His careless behavior invited sharp reproof from his seniors.

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7 Divisive (adjective)

Tending to cause disagreement, hostility, or division between people. (विभाजनकारी, फूट डालने वाला)

Synonyms: Polarizing, Discordant, Alienating, Controversial

Antonyms: Unifying, Harmonious, Cohesive, Agreeable

Example: The leader’s divisive remarks created tension and mistrust among the members of the community.

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8 Imbibe (verb)

To drink (a liquid), or to absorb/accept ideas, knowledge, or feelings deeply. (पेय पीना, विचारों/ज्ञान को आत्मसात करना)

Synonyms: Drink, Absorb, Ingest, Assimilate

Antonyms: Reject, Spurn, Abstain, Discard

Example: Students should imbibe good values along with academic knowledge.

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9 Belabor (verb)

To explain, discuss, or emphasize something excessively; to criticize or attack repeatedly. (किसी बात पर ज़रूरत से ज़्यादा ज़ोर देना / बार-बार आलोचना करना)

Synonyms: Overemphasize, Overstress, Dwell on, Harp on

Antonyms: Understate, Ignore, Overlook, Disregard

Example: The professor tended to belabor the same point in every lecture, which bored the students.

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10 Pacify (verb)

To calm someone or make a situation peaceful; to bring or restore peace. (शांत करना, तसल्ली देना)

Synonyms: Soothe, Appease, Calm, Mollify

Antonyms: Agitate, Provoke, Enrage, Inflame

Example: The manager tried to pacify the customers after the unexpected delay in service.

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11 Resonant (adjective)

Deep, clear, and continuing to sound or having a strong lasting effect. (गूंजता हुआ, प्रभावशाली)

Synonyms: Echoing, Sonorous, Reverberating, Ringing

Antonyms: Faint, Muffled, Flat, Weak

Example: The singer’s resonant voice filled the entire auditorium with emotion.

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12 Benevolence (noun)

The quality of being kind, helpful, and generous. (परोपकार, उदारता, भलाई की भावना)

Synonyms: Kindness, Generosity, Compassion, Charity

Antonyms: Malevolence, Cruelty, Harshness, Selfishness

Example: The old man’s benevolence towards the poor earned him great respect in the village.

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13 Capitulation (noun)

The act of surrendering or giving up to an opponent or demand; acceptance of defeat. (समर्पण, आत्मसमर्पण, हार मान लेना)

Synonyms: Surrender, Submission, Yielding, Concession

Antonyms: Resistance, Defiance, Persistence, Victory

Example: After days of intense fighting, the enemy’s capitulation was finally announced.

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14 Equilibrium (noun)

A state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced; a stable or calm condition. (संतुलन, स्थिरता)

Synonyms: Balance, Stability, Poise, Steadiness

Antonyms: Imbalance, Instability, Disequilibrium, Turmoil

Example: After the sudden shock, it took him some time to regain his mental equilibrium.

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15 Infallible (adjective)

Incapable of making mistakes or being wrong; never failing. (अचूक, जो गलती न करे)

Synonyms: Unerring, Flawless, Certain, Dependable

Antonyms: Fallible, Imperfect, Unreliable, Faulty

Example: Many people once believed that the king’s decisions were infallible and could never be questioned.

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16 Malign (verb)

To speak about someone in a spiteful, critical, or false way; to defame. (बदनाम करना, गलत ढंग से किसी की निंदा करना)

Synonyms: Slander, Defame, Vilify, Denigrate

Antonyms: Praise, Commend, Applaud, Extol

Example: The actor was unfairly maligned by the media after the controversy.

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17 Retaliate (verb)

To make an attack or take harmful action in return for a similar attack or wrong; to take revenge. (बदला लेना, प्रतिकार करना)

Synonyms: Revenge, Avenge, Counterattack, Reprisal

Antonyms: Forgive, Pardon, Excuse, Ignore

Example: He decided not to retaliate, even though his colleagues had insulted him publicly.

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18 Unequivocal (adjective)

Leaving no doubt; clear and unambiguous. (स्पष्ट, निर्विवाद)

Synonyms: Unambiguous, Clear, Explicit, Definitive

Antonyms: Ambiguous, Vague, Unclear, Doubtful

Example: The judge’s statement was unequivocal and left no room for misunderstanding.

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19 Solicitous (adjective)

Showing great care, attention, or concern for someone or something. (चिंतित और अत्यधिक ध्यान देने वाला)

Synonyms: Concerned, Attentive, Caring, Thoughtful

Antonyms: Indifferent, Neglectful, Unconcerned, Careless

Example: She was always solicitous about her parents’ health.

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20 Impertinent (adjective)

Not showing proper respect; rude or irrelevantly bold. (धृष्ट, अशिष्ट, उद्दंड)

Synonyms: Insolent, Impudent, Rude, Disrespectful

Antonyms: Respectful, Polite, Courteous, Deferential

Example: The student’s impertinent remark shocked the entire class.

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