Vocab24 || Daily Vocab

1 Paean (noun)

A song or hymn of praise, joy, or triumph; a tribute. (स्तुति-गीत)

Synonyms: Hymn, Tribute, Eulogy, Encomium

Antonyms: Criticism, Condemnation, Denunciation, Censure

Example: The crowd raised a paean to the team after their historic victory.

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2 Viscous (adjective)

Thick, sticky, and slow-flowing (about a liquid). (गाढ़ा; चिपचिपा)

Synonyms: Thick, Sticky, Syrupy, Gluey

Antonyms: Thin, Watery, Runny, Fluid

Example: Honey is more viscous than water, so it pours much more slowly.

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3 Gouge (verb)

Cut or scoop out roughly; also charge someone unfairly high prices. (कुरेदकर निकालना; अधिक वसूलना)

Synonyms: Scoop out, Carve, Dig out, Overcharge

Antonyms: Fill, Cover, Undercharge, Refund

Example: The mechanic tried to gouge customers by adding unnecessary repairs to the bill.

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4 Toady (noun)

A person who flatters someone important to gain favor or advantage. (चापलूस)

Synonyms: Sycophant, Flatterer, Lackey, Bootlicker

Antonyms: Independent, Critic, Rebel, Straight-shooter

Example: Everyone knew he was a toady who praised the boss just to get promotions.

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5 Quaff (verb)

Drink something heartily and in large gulps. (गटागट पीना)

Synonyms: Gulp, Swig, Chug, Imbibe

Antonyms: Sip, Nibble, Abstain, Refrain

Example: After the long run, he quaffed a whole bottle of water in seconds.

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6 Mammoth (adjective)

Extremely large; huge in size or scale. (विशाल)

Synonyms: Enormous, Gigantic, Colossal, Massive

Antonyms: Tiny, Small, Miniature, Minute

Example: The project turned into a mammoth task that required months of effort.

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7 Dissolute (adjective)

Lacking moral restraint; indulging in excessive pleasures and immoral behavior. (अनैतिक)

Synonyms: Debauched, Licentious, Profligate, Immoral

Antonyms: Virtuous, Moral, Chaste, Restrained

Example: His dissolute lifestyle eventually ruined his health and reputation.

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8 Deify (verb)

Treat or worship someone as a god; glorify excessively. (देवता बनाना)

Synonyms: Worship, Idolize, Adore, Exalt

Antonyms: Condemn, Criticize, Disparage, Denounce

Example: Some fans deify celebrities and refuse to see their flaws.

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9 Bromide (noun)

A dull, unoriginal remark or idea, used too often and lacking fresh meaning. (क्लिशे)

Synonyms: Cliche, Platitude, Trite saying, Commonplace

Antonyms: Originality, Novelty, Freshness, Innovation

Example: His speech was full of bromides that everyone had heard a hundred times before.

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10 Machination (noun)

A secret or scheming plan, especially one intended to trick or harm someone. (षड्यंत्र)

Synonyms: Plot, Scheme, Intrigue, Conspiracy

Antonyms: Honesty, Openness, Sincerity, Frankness

Example: The leader uncovered the rival’s machinations to seize control of the company.

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11 Bluster (verb)

Talk in a loud, aggressive, or boastful way; make empty threats. (शेखी बघारना/धमकी देना)

Synonyms: Boast, Brag, Swagger, Bully

Antonyms: Whisper, Calm, Concede, Yield

Example: He tried to bluster his way out of trouble, but no one was impressed.

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12 Bilk (verb)

Cheat someone, especially to avoid paying money owed. (ठगना)

Synonyms: Cheat, Swindle, Defraud, Stiff

Antonyms: Pay, Compensate, Reimburse, Settle

Example: The contractor bilked customers by taking advance payments and disappearing.

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13 Covenant (noun)

A formal and binding agreement or promise. (वाचा)

Synonyms: Agreement, Pact, Contract, Treaty

Antonyms: Breach, Violation, Disagreement, Conflict

Example: The two parties signed a covenant to protect the shared water source.

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14 Beset (verb)

To trouble or attack persistently; to surround and threaten. (घेर लेना)

Synonyms: Trouble, Plague, Harass, Surround

Antonyms: Assist, Help, Relieve, Protect

Example: The project was beset by delays and unexpected costs.

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15 Congeal (verb)

To become semi-solid or solid, especially by cooling. (जम जाना)

Synonyms: Solidify, Harden, Thicken, Coagulate

Antonyms: Melt, Liquefy, Soften, Dissolve

Example: The sauce will congeal if you leave it in the fridge overnight.

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16 Odyssey (noun)

A long, eventful journey or series of experiences. (लंबी साहसिक यात्रा)

Synonyms: Journey, Expedition, Adventure, Voyage

Antonyms: Stay, Routine, Stasis, Home

Example: Starting his own business became a five-year odyssey filled with setbacks and breakthroughs.

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17 Revulsion (noun)

A strong feeling of disgust or loathing. (घृणा)

Synonyms: Disgust, Repulsion, Loathing, Aversion

Antonyms: Attraction, Admiration, Liking, Fondness

Example: He felt revulsion at the sight of the filthy room.

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18 Fealty (noun)

A loyal pledge of allegiance, especially to a king or lord. (निष्ठा)

Synonyms: Loyalty, Allegiance, Devotion, Fidelity

Antonyms: Betrayal, Disloyalty, Treachery, Defection

Example: The knight swore fealty to the king before entering royal service.

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19 Pompous (adjective)

Having an exaggerated sense of self-importance; arrogant in manner or speech. (आडंबरपूर्ण)

Synonyms: Arrogant, Pretentious, Self-important, Grandiose

Antonyms: Humble, Modest, Unassuming, Simple

Example: His pompous speech made the audience lose interest within minutes.

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20 Abortive (adjective)

Failing to produce the intended result; unsuccessful. (असफल)

Synonyms: Unsuccessful, Futile, Fruitless, Ineffective

Antonyms: Successful, Effective, Productive, Fruitful

Example: The committee’s abortive attempt to reach a compromise delayed the final decision.

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1 Extrovert (noun)

A person who is outgoing and enjoys being around other people; draws energy from social interaction. (बहिर्मुखी व्यक्ति)

Synonyms: Outgoing person, Socializer, People-person, Gregarious person

Antonyms: Introvert, Recluse, Loner, Hermit

Example: As an extrovert, he feels energized after meeting new people at events.

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2 Fratricide (noun)

The act of killing one’s own brother. (भ्रातृहत्या; भाई की हत्या)

Synonyms: Brother-killing, Fraternal murder, Brother slaying, Brother murder

Antonyms: Brotherhood, Fraternity, Reconciliation, Amity

Example: In the legend, jealousy and rivalry ultimately led to fratricide.

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3 Bibliophile (noun)

A person who loves books, especially reading and collecting them. (पुस्तक प्रेमी)

Synonyms: Book lover, Bookworm, Reader, Bibliomaniac

Antonyms: Nonreader, Illiterate, Book hater, Uninterested

Example: As a true bibliophile, she spent every weekend exploring old bookstores.

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4 Acclimatize (verb)

Become adjusted to a new climate, environment, or situation. (अनुकूल होना)

Synonyms: Adapt, Adjust, Settle, Accustom

Antonyms: Resist, Oppose, Reject, Disrupt

Example: It took the team a week to acclimatize to the high altitude conditions.

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5 Inoculate (verb)

Give a vaccine or injection to protect against a disease; make resistant to infection. (टीका लगाना; प्रतिरक्षित करना)

Synonyms: Vaccinate, Immunize, Inject, Protect

Antonyms: Infect, Contaminate, Expose, Endanger

Example: The nurse inoculated the patients against influenza before winter began.

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6 Recuperate (verb)

Recover or regain health, strength, or energy after illness, fatigue, or loss. (स्वस्थ होना)

Synonyms: Recover, Regain, Rebound, Revive

Antonyms: Deteriorate, Decline, Worsen, Weaken

Example: After the surgery, he needed several weeks to recuperate fully.

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7 Defile (verb)

Make something dirty, polluted, or unclean; to desecrate something sacred. (अपवित्र करना)

Synonyms: Pollute, Sully, Taint, Desecrate

Antonyms: Cleanse, Purify, Sanctify, Honor

Example: The toxic waste defiled the river and harmed aquatic life.

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8 Traduce (verb)

Speak falsely or maliciously about someone; slander or defame. (बदनाम करना)

Synonyms: Slander, Defame, Malign, Vilify

Antonyms: Praise, Commend, Applaud, Extol

Example: He tried to traduce his colleague by spreading baseless rumors.

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9 Plagiarize (verb)

Copy someone else’s work or ideas and present them as your own. (साहित्यिक चोरी करना)

Synonyms: Copy, Steal, Imitate, Pirated

Antonyms: Create, Originate, Invent, Attribute

Example: The student was punished for plagiarizing an entire paragraph from an online article.

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10 Mesmerize (verb)

Captivate or hold someone’s attention completely, as if by magic or hypnosis. (मंत्रमुग्ध करना)

Synonyms: Captivate, Fascinate, Enchant, Entrall

Antonyms: Bore, Repel, Disinterest, Distract

Example: The audience was mesmerized by the magician’s flawless performance.

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11 Philistine (noun)

A person who is indifferent or hostile to art, culture, and refined tastes. (असंस्कृत व्यक्ति)

Synonyms: Boor, Barbarian, Lout, Uncultured person

Antonyms: Connoisseur, Aesthete, Sophisticate, Intellectual

Example: He dismissed classical music as boring, sounding like a complete philistine.

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12 Bilious (adjective)

Bad-tempered or irritable; relating to bile. (चिड़चिड़ा)

Synonyms: Irritable, Choleric, Peevish, Petulant

Antonyms: Cheerful, Calm, Pleasant, Good-natured

Example: He became bilious whenever he had to deal with unnecessary delays.

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13 Epicure (noun)

A person who takes great pleasure in fine food and drink. (भोजन-रसिक)

Synonyms: Gourmet, Bon vivant, Gastronome, Hedonist

Antonyms: Ascetic, Abstainer, Puritan, Spartan

Example: Being an epicure, he always searched for the best restaurant in every city.

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14 Nihilism (noun)

The belief that life has no meaning or purpose; rejection of religious and moral principles. (निहिलवाद)

Synonyms: Cynicism, Pessimism, Skepticism, Negation

Antonyms: Idealism, Faith, Optimism, Meaningfulness

Example: After repeated failures, he drifted into nihilism and stopped caring about anything.

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15 Ethereal (adjective)

Extremely delicate and light; seeming too perfect for this world. (अलौकिक)

Synonyms: Unworldly, Delicate, Airy, Heavenly

Antonyms: Earthly, Solid, Heavy, Ordinary

Example: The dancer’s ethereal movements made the whole performance feel magical.

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16 Cenotaph (noun)

A monument built to honor a dead person whose body is buried elsewhere; an empty tomb. (प्रतीकात्मक समाधि)

Synonyms: Memorial, Monument, Tribute, Commemorative monument

Antonyms: Grave, Burial, Interment, Sepulture

Example: People gathered at the cenotaph to pay respects to soldiers who died in war.

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17 Detritus (noun)

Waste or debris; loose fragments left after something is broken down or destroyed. (कचरा/मलबा)

Synonyms: Debris, Rubble, Residue, Waste

Antonyms: Cleanliness, Purity, Order, Treasure

Example: After the storm, detritus covered the streets and sidewalks.

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18 Cornucopia (noun)

An abundant supply; a horn-shaped symbol of plenty. (समृद्धि का प्रतीक)

Synonyms: Abundance, Plenty, Profusion, Bounty

Antonyms: Scarcity, Shortage, Lack, Deprivation

Example: The festival offered a cornucopia of foods, music, and crafts.

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19 Melange (noun)

A mixture; a medley of different things. (मिश्रण)

Synonyms: Mixture, Medley, Assortment, Blend

Antonyms: Purity, Uniformity, Sameness, Singularity

Example: The market was a melange of colors, sounds, and spicy aromas.

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20 Eviscerate (verb)

Disembowel; remove the internal organs of. (अंतड़ियाँ निकालना)

Synonyms: Disembowel, Gut, Remove, Extract

Antonyms: Preserve, Protect, Restore, Repair

Example: The critic seemed to eviscerate the film with a brutal review.

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1 Plebeian (adjective/noun)

Belonging to the common people; ordinary or not refined. (साधारण; आमजन)

Synonyms: Common, Ordinary, Vulgar, Proletarian

Antonyms: Aristocratic, Patrician, Elite, Refined

Example: He dismissed the idea as too plebeian for high society.

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2 Leviathan (noun)

A very large and powerful thing, especially a huge sea creature or an enormous organization. (महाविशाल दैत्य)

Synonyms: Behemoth, Colossus, Giant, Monster

Antonyms: Miniature, Dwarf, Small thing, Tiny creature

Example: The ship looked like a leviathan rising from the ocean as it approached the harbor.

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3 Gourmand (noun)

A person who enjoys eating and often eats too much. (भोजन-प्रिय)

Synonyms: Glutton, Foodie, Epicure, Bon vivant

Antonyms: Ascetic, Abstemious person, Fasting person, Moderate eater

Example: Being a gourmand, he never missed a chance to try rich desserts and heavy meals.

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4 Incorruptible (adjective)

Unable to be bribed or influenced to do something dishonest; completely honest. (अभ्रष्ट)

Synonyms: Honest, Upright, Principled, Unbribable

Antonyms: Corrupt, Dishonest, Bribable, Depraved

Example: The judge was known as incorruptible and refused every attempt at bribery.

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5 Unblemished (adjective)

Without any marks, faults, or damage; perfectly clean or pure. (निर्दोष)

Synonyms: Flawless, Spotless, Immaculate, Untarnished

Antonyms: Flawed, Blemished, Tarnished, Defective

Example: She had an unblemished record of honesty throughout her career.

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6 Abasement (noun)

The action of humiliating or degrading someone; a lowering of dignity or status. (अपमान)

Synonyms: Humiliation, Degradation, Debasement, Mortification

Antonyms: Dignity, Honor, Elevation, Exaltation

Example: He accepted the constant abasement at work until he finally decided to resign.

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7 Melee (noun)

A confused fight or clash involving many people at once. (हाथापाई)

Synonyms: Brawl, Skirmish, Fray, Scuffle

Antonyms: Peace, Truce, Harmony, Calm

Example: A melee broke out after the match when the teams started arguing.

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8 Blasphemy (noun)

Speaking about God or sacred things in a disrespectful way. (ईशनिंदा)

Synonyms: Sacrilege, Profanity, Irreverence, Impiety

Antonyms: Reverence, Piety, Devotion, Worship

Example: The priest warned that such words could be seen as blasphemy.

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9 Tyro (noun)

A beginner or novice in a particular field. (नवसिखुआ)

Synonyms: Novice, Beginner, Amateur, Learner

Antonyms: Expert, Veteran, Master, Professional

Example: As a tyro in public speaking, he felt nervous before his first speech.

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10 Impregnable (adjective)

Unable to be captured or broken into; impossible to defeat or destroy. (अभेद्य)

Synonyms: Unassailable, Invincible, Impenetrable, Inexpugnable

Antonyms: Vulnerable, Defenseless, Weak, Assailable

Example: The fort’s thick walls made it almost impregnable to enemy attacks.

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1 Ungainly (adjective)

Awkward, clumsy, or lacking grace in movement or appearance. (भद्दा)

Synonyms: Awkward, Clumsy, Uncoordinated, Lumbering

Antonyms: Graceful, Agile, Elegant, Coordinated

Example: The ungainly puppy kept tripping over its own paws while running.

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2 Haven (noun)

A safe place or shelter, especially during danger or trouble. (आश्रय)

Synonyms: Refuge, Shelter, Sanctuary, Safe haven

Antonyms: Danger, Threat, Peril, Hazard

Example: The library became a quiet haven for students during exams.

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3 Nomadic (adjective)

Living a life of moving from place to place rather than staying in one permanent location. (खानाबदोश)

Synonyms: Wandering, Roaming, Migratory, Itinerant

Antonyms: Settled, Stable, Stationary, Permanent

Example: Nomadic tribes often move with their animals in search of water and grass.

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4 Doctrine (noun)

A set of beliefs or principles taught and accepted by a group, especially in religion, politics, or law. (सिद्धांत)

Synonyms: Principle, Belief, Teaching, Dogma

Antonyms: Doubt, Disbelief, Uncertainty, Skepticism

Example: The party’s doctrine focuses on equality and social justice.

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5 Crestfallen (adjective)

Feeling very sad, disappointed, or embarrassed, especially after a defeat or failure. (हताश)

Synonyms: Dejected, Downcast, Disheartened, Despondent

Antonyms: Elated, Jubilant, Cheerful, Encouraged

Example: He looked crestfallen after hearing that he had not been selected.

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6 Industrious (adjective)

Hard-working and diligent; consistently putting in effort. (परिश्रमी)

Synonyms: Diligent, Hardworking, Assiduous, Tireless

Antonyms: Lazy, Idle, Slothful, Negligent

Example: She is an industrious student who studies every day without excuses.

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7 Disarray (noun)

A state of disorder or confusion; lack of organization. (अव्यवस्था)

Synonyms: Disorder, Confusion, Chaos, Mess

Antonyms: Order, Organization, Arrangement, Neatness

Example: After the sudden announcement, the entire meeting room fell into disarray.

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8 Extravagant (adjective)

Lacking restraint in spending money or using resources; excessively elaborate or expensive. (फिजूलखर्च)

Synonyms: Lavish, Excessive, Overindulgent, Profligate

Antonyms: Frugal, Moderate, Simple, Economical

Example: He threw an extravagant wedding party that cost more than he could afford.

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9 Impending (adjective)

About to happen soon; likely to occur in the near future, often something negative. (आसन्न)

Synonyms: Imminent, Approaching, Forthcoming, Looming

Antonyms: Distant, Remote, Unlikely, Receding

Example: Dark clouds gathered, warning of an impending storm.

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10 Inception (noun)

The beginning or start of something, especially an idea, plan, or process. (आरंभ)

Synonyms: Beginning, Start, Origin, Commencement

Antonyms: Conclusion, End, Finish, Termination

Example: The inception of the new policy brought major changes to the company.

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11 Elegy (noun)

A poem or song expressing sorrow, especially for someone who has died. (शोकगीत)

Synonyms: Lament, Dirge, Eulogy, Threnody

Antonyms: Ode, Paean, Celebration, Hymn

Example: The poet wrote an elegy to mourn his friend’s sudden death.

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12 Dirge (noun)

A mournful song or piece of music, especially for a funeral. (शोकगीत)

Synonyms: Lament, Elegy, Funeral song, Threnody

Antonyms: Celebration song, Carol, Anthem, Rejoicing song

Example: A soft dirge was played as the funeral procession moved forward.

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13 Idolatry (noun)

The worship of idols; extreme admiration or devotion to someone or something. (मूर्तिपूजा)

Synonyms: Idol worship, Adoration, Veneration, Reverence

Antonyms: Irreverence, Disrespect, Criticism, Skepticism

Example: His idolatry of celebrities made him ignore their obvious flaws.

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14 Cloying (adjective)

Excessively sweet, rich, or sentimental to the point of being disgusting. (उबाऊ)

Synonyms: Sickening, Overly sweet, Maudlin, Saccharine

Antonyms: Pleasant, Refreshing, Subtle, Natural

Example: The dessert was so cloying that I couldn’t finish even a few bites.

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15 Ablution (noun)

The act of washing oneself; ritual cleansing, especially for religious purposes. (स्नान)

Synonyms: Washing, Cleansing, Bathing, Purification

Antonyms: Filthiness, Dirtiness, Contamination, Defilement

Example: Before entering the temple, he performed ablution as a sign of purity.

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16 Savant (noun)

A highly knowledgeable and learned person; an expert, especially in a particular field. (विद्वान)

Synonyms: Scholar, Expert, Intellectual, Authority

Antonyms: Ignoramus, Novice, Amateur, Philistine

Example: She is a math savant who can solve complex problems in seconds.

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17 Effigy (noun)

A model or statue of a person, often made to be destroyed as a protest. (प्रतिमा)

Synonyms: Image, Statue, Figure, Likeness

Antonyms: Original, Person, Reality, Living being

Example: Protesters burned an effigy of the leader to show their anger.

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18 Mountebank (noun)

A person who deceives others, especially to trick them into buying something. (धोखेबाज़)

Synonyms: Charlatan, Fraud, Impostor, Quack

Antonyms: Honest person, Truth-teller, Genuine expert, Reliable person

Example: The so-called healer was exposed as a mountebank who sold fake cures.

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19 Neologism (noun)

A newly coined word or expression. (नवशब्द)

Synonyms: Coinage, New word, Invention, Novel term

Antonyms: Archaism, Old word, Traditional expression, Established term

Example: Selfie is a neologism that became common worldwide within a few years.

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20 Apoplectic (adjective)

Extremely angry; furious. (अत्यंत क्रोधित)

Synonyms: Furious, Enraged, Incensed, Irate

Antonyms: Calm, Composed, Placid, Unruffled

Example: The manager became apoplectic when he discovered the repeated accounting errors.

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1 Usury (noun)

Lending money at unreasonably high interest rates. (सूदखोरी)

Synonyms: Loan-sharking, Extortionate lending, Predatory lending, Exploitation

Antonyms: Charity, Generosity, Fair lending, Benevolence

Example: The law was introduced to curb usury and protect poor borrowers from exploitation.

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2 Hirsute (adjective)

Very hairy; having a lot of thick hair. (अत्यधिक बालों वाला)

Synonyms: Hairy, Shaggy, Furry, Bearded

Antonyms: Hairless, Bald, Smooth, Glabrous

Example: The hirsute traveler looked rugged with his thick beard and untrimmed hair.

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3 Sonorous (adjective)

Having a deep, rich, and resonant sound. (गूंजदार)

Synonyms: Resonant, Deep-toned, Full-bodied, Melodious

Antonyms: Harsh, Shrill, Thin, Muffled

Example: The actor’s sonorous voice filled the hall and held everyone’s attention.

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4 Matutinal (adjective)

Relating to the morning; happening in the early part of the day. (प्रातःकालीन)

Synonyms: Morning, Early, Dawn, Auroral

Antonyms: Nocturnal, Vespertine, Evening, Nightly

Example: Her matutinal routine includes a short run and a quiet cup of tea.

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5 Exorcise (verb)

Drive out an evil spirit; get rid of a bad feeling or memory. (भूत भगाना)

Synonyms: Expel, Banish, Cast out, Purge

Antonyms: Invite, Welcome, Summon, Retain

Example: He tried to exorcise the fear from his mind by facing the situation directly.

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6 Cosset (verb)

Care for and protect someone in an overindulgent way. (बहुत लाड़-प्यार करना)

Synonyms: Pamper, Coddle, Spoil, Indulge

Antonyms: Neglect, Ignore, Mistreat, Deprive

Example: She tried not to cosset the child and encouraged him to become independent.

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7 Choleric (adjective)

Easily angered; bad-tempered; irritable. (क्रोधी)

Synonyms: Irascible, Irritable, Hot-tempered, Testy

Antonyms: Calm, Patient, Even-tempered, Mild

Example: The choleric manager snapped at the staff over a minor mistake.

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8 Badinage (noun)

Playful teasing or light, witty joking. (हँसी-मज़ाक)

Synonyms: Banter, Raillery, Repartee, Pleasantry

Antonyms: Seriousness, Solemnity, Gravity, Earnestness

Example: Their conversation was full of friendly badinage during the break.

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9 Avuncular (adjective)

Kind, friendly, and protective in a way like an uncle. (चाचासुलभ)

Synonyms: Genial, Affectionate, Fatherly, Benevolent

Antonyms: Stern, Harsh, Unfriendly, Cold

Example: The avuncular teacher guided his students patiently and encouraged them like family.

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10 Artless (adjective)

Lacking skill or finesse; without pretence; simple and natural. (कला-कौशलहीन)

Synonyms: Unskilled, Clumsy, Naive, Plain

Antonyms: Skillful, Artful, Sophisticated, Polished

Example: His artless speech felt honest and direct, without any attempt to impress.

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11 Mien (noun)

A person’s appearance or manner, especially as it shows their mood or character. (हाव-भाव)

Synonyms: Demeanor, Manner, Bearing, Countenance

Antonyms: Reality, Essence, Character, Nature

Example: His calm mien reassured everyone during the crisis.

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12 Propound (verb)

Put forward (an idea, theory, or question) for consideration. (प्रस्तुत करना)

Synonyms: Propose, Suggest, Advance, Put forward

Antonyms: Withhold, Conceal, Suppress, Retract

Example: The scientist propounded a new theory to explain the unexpected results.

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13 Attest (verb)

Confirm something as true, often by signing or giving evidence. (प्रमाणित करना)

Synonyms: Verify, Confirm, Certify, Authenticate

Antonyms: Deny, Refute, Disprove, Contradict

Example: The officer will attest the document after checking the original records.

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14 Concerted (adjective)

Planned and carried out together with coordinated effort. (समन्वित)

Synonyms: Coordinated, Joint, United, Collaborative

Antonyms: Uncoordinated, Random, Disorganized, Isolated

Example: The departments made a concerted effort to reduce delays and improve service.

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15 Surrogate (noun)

A substitute person or thing acting in place of another. (प्रतिस्थानी)

Synonyms: Substitute, Proxy, Stand-in, Replacement

Antonyms: Original, Primary, Natural, Genuine

Example: A surrogate was appointed to sign the documents on his behalf.

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16 Dossier (noun)

A file containing detailed information about a person, event, or subject. (दस्तावेज़ों का संग्रह)

Synonyms: File, Record, Portfolio, Report

Antonyms: Ignorance, Unawareness, Secrecy, Vagueness

Example: The agency compiled a dossier on the suspect with travel and financial details.

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17 Congregate (verb)

Come together and form a group. (एकत्र होना)

Synonyms: Assemble, Gather, Converge, Cluster

Antonyms: Disperse, Scatter, Separate, Depart

Example: People began to congregate near the main gate after the announcement.

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18 Discrete (adjective)

Separate and distinct in form or concept. (अलग)

Synonyms: Separate, Distinct, Individual, Independent

Antonyms: Continuous, Connected, Joined, Unified

Example: The survey divided the population into discrete age groups for better analysis.

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19 Conversant (adjective)

Having knowledge of or being familiar with something. (परिचित)

Synonyms: Familiar, Knowledgeable, Well-informed, Acquainted

Antonyms: Unaware, Ignorant, Unfamiliar, Inexperienced

Example: She is conversant with the latest banking regulations and policy changes.

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20 Putative (adjective)

Supposed or generally believed to be true, especially without definite proof. (कथित)

Synonyms: Supposed, Alleged, Presumed, Ostensible

Antonyms: Proven, Confirmed, Certain, Genuine

Example: The report discussed the putative causes of the accident, but no evidence was conclusive.

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1 Transition (noun)

The process of changing from one state, condition, or stage to another. (परिवर्तन)

Synonyms: Change, Shift, Transformation, Passage

Antonyms: Stability, Continuity, Permanence, Stagnation

Example: The transition from school to college can be challenging.

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2 Regulation (noun)

An official rule made by an authority to control or govern conduct. (नियम)

Synonyms: Rule, Law, Restriction, Guideline

Antonyms: Freedom, Liberty, Permission, Chaos

Example: New safety regulations were introduced to prevent accidents.

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3 Perspective (noun)

A particular way of thinking about or viewing something; a viewpoint. (दृष्टिकोण)

Synonyms: Viewpoint, Outlook, Angle, Standpoint

Antonyms: Blindness, Misjudgment, Narrow-mindedness, Ignorance

Example: From a historical perspective, the decision was unavoidable.

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4 Interpretation (noun)

The act of explaining the meaning of something; a particular way of understanding it. (व्याख्या)

Synonyms: Explanation, Clarification, Understanding, Translation

Antonyms: Misunderstanding, Confusion, Misreading, Obscurity

Example: His interpretation of the poem highlighted its hidden message.

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5 Evaluation (noun)

The act of judging or assessing the quality, value, or importance of something. (मूल्यांकन)

Synonyms: Assessment, Appraisal, Analysis, Review

Antonyms: Neglect, Disregard, Ignorance, Inattention

Example: The teacher’s evaluation of the project focused on clarity and accuracy.

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6 Distinction (noun)

A difference or contrast between similar things; also, special recognition or excellence. (भेद / विशिष्टता)

Synonyms: Difference, Contrast, Discrimination, Excellence

Antonyms: Similarity, Sameness, Uniformity, Equality

Example: There is a clear distinction between a hobby and a profession.

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7 Diminish (verb)

Make or become less; reduce in size, importance, or intensity. (कम करना)

Synonyms: Reduce, Decrease, Lessen, Shrink

Antonyms: Increase, Expand, Amplify, Enhance

Example: The noise began to diminish as the crowd dispersed.

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8 Comprise (verb)

Consist of; be made up of. (से मिलकर बना होना)

Synonyms: Consist of, Include, Contain, Encompass

Antonyms: Exclude, Omit, Lack, Ignore

Example: The committee comprises members from different departments.

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9 Advocate (verb)

Publicly support or recommend a particular cause or policy. (समर्थन करना)

Synonyms: Support, Promote, Endorse, Champion

Antonyms: Oppose, Reject, Discourage, Resist

Example: She advocates equal opportunities for all students.

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10 Acquisition (noun)

The act of getting or obtaining something; also, buying/taking over a company or property. (अधिग्रहण)

Synonyms: Procurement, Purchase, Attainment, Gain

Antonyms: Loss, Dispossession, Relinquishment, Divestiture

Example: The company’s acquisition of its rival expanded its market share overnight.

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11 Segregate (verb)

Separate or set apart people or things from others; keep groups divided. (अलग करना; पृथक्करण करना)

Synonyms: Separate, Isolate, Divide, Partition

Antonyms: Integrate, Unite, Combine, Merge

Example: The school decided to segregate waste into dry and wet categories for proper recycling.

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12 Sanctuary (noun)

A safe place of shelter or protection; also, a protected area for animals or birds. (आश्रय स्थल; अभयारण्य)

Synonyms: Refuge, Haven, Shelter, Safe haven

Antonyms: Danger, Peril, Exposure, Threat

Example: The wildlife sanctuary protects rare birds and animals from hunting.

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13 Requisition (noun/verb)

(Noun) An official order or request to obtain something; (Verb) Officially demand or take something for use. (आधिकारिक मांग; अधिग्रहण)

Synonyms: Request, Demand, Order, Claim

Antonyms: Offer, Release, Surrender, Waive

Example: The hospital sent a requisition for more oxygen cylinders during the emergency.

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14 Recede (verb)

Move back or withdraw; become less or fade away. (पीछे हटना; कम होना)

Synonyms: Retreat, Withdraw, Diminish, Subside

Antonyms: Advance, Approach, Increase, Expand

Example: After the storm, the floodwaters began to recede slowly.

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15 Potable (adjective)

Safe and suitable for drinking. (पीने योग्य)

Synonyms: Drinkable, Safe, Pure, Fit-to-drink

Antonyms: Undrinkable, Contaminated, Polluted, Toxic

Example: The village installed a filter to make the water potable.

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16 Ordnance (noun)

Military weapons, ammunition, and artillery used in warfare. (सैन्य हथियार और गोला-बारूद)

Synonyms: Ammunition, Weaponry, Arms, Artillery

Antonyms: Peace, Nonviolence, Disarmament, Pacifism

Example: The army transported ordnance to the border base for emergency use.

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17 Infraction (noun)

A violation or breaking of a rule, law, or agreement. (उल्लंघन)

Synonyms: Violation, Breach, Infringement, Transgression

Antonyms: Compliance, Obedience, Observance, Adherence

Example: A minor infraction of the rules can still lead to a warning.

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18 Dissolution (noun)

The act of ending or breaking up something officially; also, the process of dissolving in a liquid. (विघटन; घुलन)

Synonyms: Disbandment, Termination, Disintegration, Dissolving

Antonyms: Formation, Establishment, Creation, Union

Example: The dissolution of the assembly was announced before fresh elections.

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19 Conviction (noun)

A firmly held belief or opinion; also, the act of proving someone guilty of a crime. (दृढ़ विश्वास; दोषसिद्धि)

Synonyms: Belief, Certainty, Persuasion, Assurance

Antonyms: Doubt, Uncertainty, Hesitation, Indecision

Example: Her conviction about helping the poor never changed, and she worked for it daily.

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20 Apparatus (noun)

A set of equipment or tools needed for a particular activity; also, an organized system used to achieve something. (उपकरणों का समूह; तंत्र)

Synonyms: Equipment, Gear, Machinery, Instrumentation

Antonyms: Absence, Lack, Nothingness, Unpreparedness

Example: The laboratory apparatus was arranged carefully before the experiment began.

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1 Petition (noun)

A formal written request, usually signed by many people, asking an authority to take action. (याचिका)

Synonyms: Appeal, Request, Plea, Application

Antonyms: Refusal, Denial, Rejection, Withdrawal

Example: The residents submitted a petition to the municipal office for better drainage.

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2 Boycott (verb)

Refuse to buy, use, or take part in something as a form of protest. (बहिष्कार करना)

Synonyms: Shun, Avoid, Refuse, Ostracize

Antonyms: Support, Endorse, Patronize, Participate

Example: The workers decided to boycott the company’s products until wages were raised.

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3 Stricture (noun)

A restriction or rule that limits something; also a strong critical remark. (प्रतिबंध या कड़ी आलोचना)

Synonyms: Restriction, Limitation, Constraint, Criticism

Antonyms: Freedom, Liberty, Latitude, Permission

Example: The new stricture on water use forced people to reduce daily consumption.

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4 Devoid (adjective)

Completely lacking or free from something. (विहीन)

Synonyms: Lacking, Without, Empty, Bereft

Antonyms: Lacking, Without, Empty, Bereft

Example: The room was devoid of any furniture.

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5 Apprise (verb)

Inform or tell someone about something. (सूचित करना)

Synonyms: Inform, Notify, Brief, Update

Antonyms: Conceal, Withhold, Hide, Mislead

Example: Please apprise me of any changes in the meeting schedule.

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6 Deficit (noun)

The amount by which something is less than what is needed, especially when expenses are more than income. (घाटा)

Synonyms: Shortfall, Loss, Gap, Deficiency

Antonyms: Surplus, Profit, Excess, Abundance

Example: The government reported a deficit because spending exceeded its revenue.

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7 Monetary (adjective)

Related to money, currency, or finance. (मौद्रिक)

Synonyms: Financial, Fiscal, Currency-related, Pecuniary

Antonyms: Nonfinancial, Nonmonetary, Unfunded, Barter

Example: The central bank tightened monetary policy to control inflation.

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8 Commodity (noun)

A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold. (जिंस)

Synonyms: Goods, Product, Merchandise, Item

Antonyms: Service, Luxury, Rarity, Specialty

Example: Wheat is an important commodity traded in global markets.

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9 Liability (noun)

A responsibility or debt that a person or organization must legally pay or deal with. (दायित्व)

Synonyms: Obligation, Debt, Responsibility, Accountability

Antonyms: Asset, Advantage, Benefit, Strength

Example: Unpaid loans became a major liability for the company.

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10 Revenue (noun)

The income of a government, company, or organization, especially from taxes, sales, or fees. (राजस्व)

Synonyms: Income, Earnings, Proceeds, Receipts

Antonyms: Debt, Loss, Deficit, Expense

Example: The state increased its revenue by improving tax collection and expanding the tax base.

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11 Enclave (noun)

A territory or community enclosed within a larger one, especially one with different culture or identity. (परिक्षेत्र)

Synonyms: Territory, Pocket, District, Community

Antonyms: Mainland, Exterior, Open area, Outskirts

Example: The city has an enclave where people from the same region live together.

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12 Countermand (verb)

Revoke or cancel (an order) by issuing a contrary order. (आदेश रद्द करना)

Synonyms: Revoke, Rescind, Cancel, Annul

Antonyms: Confirm, Uphold, Approve, Ratify

Example: The commander countermanded the order to advance.

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13 Caucus (noun)

A meeting of members of a political party to choose candidates or decide policy; a group within a legislature sharing common aims. (दलीय बैठक)

Synonyms: Conference, Assembly, Meeting, Faction

Antonyms: Individuality, Separation, Dispersion, Disunity

Example: The party held a caucus to finalize its candidate for the election.

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14 Canvass (verb)

Solicit votes, opinions, or support; to discuss thoroughly. (समर्थन मांगना)

Synonyms: Campaign, Solicit, Poll, Lobby

Antonyms: Discourage, Suppress, Dissuade, Ignore

Example: Volunteers went door to door to canvass for the candidate.

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15 Byzantine (adjective)

Extremely complex, intricate, and often confusing; also relating to the Byzantine Empire. (अत्यंत जटिल)

Synonyms: Complex, Intricate, Convoluted, Labyrinthine

Antonyms: Simple, Straightforward, Clear, Uncomplicated

Example: The company’s byzantine approval process delayed the project for months.

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16 Armistice (noun)

An agreement to stop fighting temporarily; a truce. (युद्धविराम)

Synonyms: Ceasefire, Truce, Suspension of hostilities, Temporary peace

Antonyms: War, Hostilities, Conflict, Battle

Example: The two sides agreed to an armistice after weeks of fighting.

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17 Anthology (noun)

A published collection of poems, stories, or other pieces of writing. (संग्रह)

Synonyms: Collection, Compilation, Omnibus, Assortment

Antonyms: Fragment, Single work, Original, Standalone

Example: She bought an anthology of modern Indian short stories.

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18 Affectation (noun)

Behavior, speech, or writing that is artificial and designed to impress. (आडंबर)

Synonyms: Pretension, Artificiality, Mannerism, Posturing

Antonyms: Sincerity, Naturalness, Genuineness, Simplicity

Example: His British accent was clearly an affectation to seem sophisticated.

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19 Addendum (noun)

An item of additional material added at the end of a book, document, or speech. (परिशिष्ट)

Synonyms: Appendix, Supplement, Addition, Attachment

Antonyms: Subtraction, Reduction, Removal, Omission

Example: The contract included an addendum with updated payment terms.

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20 Accost (verb)

Approach and address (someone) boldly or aggressively. (रोककर बात करना)

Synonyms: Confront, Approach, Address, Engage

Antonyms: Avoid, Ignore, Evade, Withdraw

Example: A stranger accosted him on the street and asked for directions.

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1 Snub (verb/noun)

Ignore or treat someone with coldness or disrespect. (अपमानपूर्वक अनदेखा करना)

Synonyms: Insult, Ignore, Reject, Slight

Antonyms: Welcome, Accept, Acknowledge, Respect

Example: She felt hurt when her colleagues snubbed her at the meeting.

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2 Feud (noun/verb)

A long-standing and bitter quarrel or conflict. (दीर्घकालिक झगड़ा)

Synonyms: Dispute, Quarrel, Conflict, Rivalry

Antonyms: Harmony, Peace, Agreement, Reconciliation

Example: The two families continued their feud for generations.

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3 Iota (noun)

A very small amount. (अति सूक्ष्म मात्रा)

Synonyms: Tiny bit, Speck, Trace, Shred

Antonyms: Abundance, Plenty, Heap, Large amount

Example: There isn’t an iota of truth in that rumor.

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4 Grisly (adjective)

Causing horror or disgust; gruesome. (भयानक)

Synonyms: Gruesome, Ghastly, Horrific, Macabre

Antonyms: Pleasant, Delightful, Attractive, Cheerful

Example: The documentary showed some grisly scenes from the battlefield.

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5 Bashful (adjective)

Shy; easily embarrassed. (शर्मीला)

Synonyms: Shy, Timid, Self-conscious, Coy

Antonyms: Confident, Bold, Outgoing, Uninhibited

Example: He became bashful when everyone started praising him.

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6 Bizarre (adjective)

Very strange or unusual. (विचित्र)

Synonyms: Strange, Weird, Unusual, Peculiar

Antonyms: Normal, Ordinary, Typical, Conventional

Example: He told a bizarre story that no one in the room believed.

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7 Sunder (verb)

Split apart; separate by breaking or tearing. (अलग करना)

Synonyms: Separate, Split, Sever, Divide

Antonyms: Unite, Join, Combine, Connect

Example: The argument threatened to sunder the group into two rival sides.

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8 Gusto (noun)

Great enthusiasm and enjoyment. (उत्साह)

Synonyms: Enthusiasm, Zeal, Eagerness, Vigor

Antonyms: Apathy, Indifference, Reluctance, Disinterest

Example: She sang the song with gusto in front of the entire class.

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9 Mulish (adjective)

Stubborn and refusing to change one’s mind. (हठी)

Synonyms: Stubborn, Obstinate, Headstrong, Unyielding

Antonyms: Flexible, Agreeable, Compliant, Yielding

Example: He was mulish about not accepting any advice from his seniors.

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10 Mayhem (noun)

Violent disorder or chaos. (अराजकता)

Synonyms: Chaos, Havoc, Turmoil, Anarchy

Antonyms: Order, Peace, Calm, Stability

Example: The sudden power outage caused mayhem in the busy market.

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11 Lurch (verb)

Make an abrupt, unsteady movement or sudden swaying motion. (अचानक लड़खड़ाना)

Synonyms: Stagger, Sway, Reel, Jolt

Antonyms: Steady, Stabilize, Balance, Glide

Example: The car lurched forward when the driver released the clutch too quickly.

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12 Heckle (verb)

Interrupt (a public speaker) with rude or critical comments. (टोका-टाकी करना)

Synonyms: Badger, Harass, Taunt, Interrupt

Antonyms: Praise, Encourage, Support, Applaud

Example: The comedian handled the crowd that tried to heckle him during the show.

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13 Feral (adjective)

(Of an animal) wild, especially having returned to a wild state after being domesticated. (जंगली)

Synonyms: Wild, Untamed, Savage, Uncivilized

Antonyms: Tame, Domesticated, Trained, Civilized

Example: Feral dogs were seen roaming near the outskirts of the town.

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14 Coagulate (verb)

Change from a liquid to a semi-solid or solid state, especially by clotting. (जमना)

Synonyms: Clot, Thicken, Congeal, Solidify

Antonyms: Dissolve, Liquefy, Thin, Melt

Example: Blood begins to coagulate quickly to stop excessive bleeding.

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15 Coddle (verb)

Treat in an overly indulgent or protective way. (लाड़-प्यार करना)

Synonyms: Pamper, Spoil, Indulge, Baby

Antonyms: Neglect, Discipline, Toughen, Ignore

Example: If you coddle children too much, they may struggle to become independent.

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16 Burnish (verb)

Polish (something) to make it shine; improve or enhance (a reputation). (चमकाना)

Synonyms: Polish, Shine, Buff, Enhance

Antonyms: Tarnish, Dull, Stain, Damage

Example: She worked hard to burnish her reputation through consistent performance.

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17 Canard (noun)

An unfounded rumor or fabricated story. (झूठी अफवाह)

Synonyms: Rumor, Falsehood, Fabrication, Hoax

Antonyms: Truth, Fact, Reality, Verification

Example: The claim was dismissed as a political canard with no evidence behind it.

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18 Wrest (verb)

Pull or take (something) away from someone by force or effort. (छीन लेना)

Synonyms: Seize, Snatch, Wrench, Extract

Antonyms: Surrender, Relinquish, Yield, Return

Example: They tried to wrest control of the company from the current management.

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19 Brook (verb)

Tolerate or allow (something, typically dissent or opposition). (सहन करना)

Synonyms: Tolerate, Endure, Allow, Permit

Antonyms: Forbid, Prohibit, Prevent, Reject

Example: The manager would not brook any delay in meeting the deadline.

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20 Vie (verb)

Compete eagerly with others for something. (प्रतिस्पर्धा करना)

Synonyms: Compete, Contend, Rival, Strive

Antonyms: Cooperate, Concede, Yield, Forgo

Example: Several candidates will vie for the top position in the selection process.

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1 Servile (adjective)

Excessively willing to serve or please others; submissive in a slave-like way. (चाटुकार; दासवत)

Synonyms: Subservient, Obsequious, Fawning, Cringing

Antonyms: Independent, Assertive, Defiant, Self-reliant

Example: He gave a servile apology just to keep his boss happy.

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2 Evoke (verb)

Bring or recall (a feeling, memory, or image) to the mind; call forth. (स्मरण कराना; उत्पन्न करना)

Synonyms: Invoke, Summon, Elicit, Awaken

Antonyms: Suppress, Stifle, Quell, Diminish

Example: The old photograph evoked memories of his childhood.

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3 Encompass (verb)

Include or contain something completely; surround. (समाहित करना; घेरना)

Synonyms: Include, Contain, Cover, Embrace

Antonyms: Exclude, Omit, Leave out, Neglect

Example: The report encompasses all major issues faced by the education sector.

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4 Emaciated (adjective)

Extremely thin and weak, usually due to illness or lack of food. (अत्यंत दुबला-पतला; क्षीण)

Synonyms: Gaunt, Skeletal, Wasted, Underfed

Antonyms: Plump, Well-nourished, Stout, Healthy

Example: After weeks of starvation, the rescued animal looked emaciated.

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5 Distend (verb)

Swell or expand because of pressure from inside; cause something to swell. (फूलना; फैलाना)

Synonyms: Swell, Expand, Inflate, Bulge

Antonyms: Contract, Shrink, Deflate, Compress

Example: His stomach began to distend after the heavy meal.

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6 Discriminate (verb)

Recognize or understand the difference between things; or treat a person/group unfairly. (अंतर करना; भेदभाव करना)

Synonyms: Differentiate, Distinguish, Discern, Segregate

Antonyms: Equalize, Include, Accept, Integrate

Example: It is wrong to discriminate against people on the basis of caste or gender.

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7 Conventional (adjective)

Following traditional or widely accepted ways; not unusual or experimental. (परंपरागत)

Synonyms: Traditional, Standard, Typical, Orthodox

Antonyms: Unconventional, Innovative, Radical, Original

Example: They preferred a conventional wedding ceremony with all the usual rituals.

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8 Chide (verb)

Scold or rebuke someone mildly. (डाँटना)

Synonyms: Reprimand, Scold, Rebuke, Admonish

Antonyms: Praise, Compliment, Applaud, Approve

Example: The teacher chided him for arriving late to class.

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9 Arable (adjective)

Suitable for growing crops; fit for cultivation. (कृषि योग्य)

Synonyms: Cultivable, Fertile, Productive, Tillage-ready

Antonyms: Barren, Infertile, Sterile, Unproductive

Example: The farmers searched for arable land to expand wheat cultivation.

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10 Allegiance (noun)

Loyalty or commitment to a person, group, cause, or country. (निष्ठा)

Synonyms: Loyalty, Fidelity, Devotion, Commitment

Antonyms: Disloyalty, Betrayal, Treachery, Defection

Example: The soldier swore allegiance to the nation and promised to protect it.

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11 Veteran (noun)

A person who has served in the military, especially in war; also, someone with long experience in a particular field. (पूर्व सैनिक / अनुभवी व्यक्ति)

Synonyms: Ex-serviceman, Old-timer, Experienced person, Seasoned professional

Antonyms: Novice, Beginner, Rookie, Newcomer

Example: The veteran shared valuable advice with the new recruits.

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12 Unwitting (adjective)

Not aware of what is happening; not done intentionally. (अनजान / अनजाने में)

Synonyms: Unaware, Unsuspecting, Innocent, Inadvertent

Antonyms: Aware, Conscious, Intentional, Deliberate

Example: He became an unwitting participant in the scam.

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13 Sullen (adjective)

Bad-tempered and silent; showing gloom or resentment. (उदास और चिड़चिड़ा)

Synonyms: Morose, Surly, Gloomy, Glum

Antonyms: Cheerful, Pleasant, Friendly, Bright

Example: He sat in a sullen mood and refused to speak to anyone.

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14 Spendthrift (noun)

A person who spends money in an extravagant and wasteful way. (फिजूलखर्च व्यक्ति)

Synonyms: Squanderer, Wastrel, Big spender, Prodigal

Antonyms: Saver, Miser, Frugal person, Penny-pincher

Example: As a spendthrift, he burned through his salary within a week.

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15 Provincial (adjective)

Related to a province or region; not sophisticated or having a narrow outlook. (प्रांतीय / संकीर्ण सोच वाला)

Synonyms: Regional, Local, Parochial, Unsophisticated

Antonyms: Cosmopolitan, Sophisticated, Worldly, Broad-minded

Example: His provincial attitude made it hard for him to accept new ideas.

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16 Plaintiff (noun)

A person who brings a case against someone in a court of law. (वादी)

Synonyms: Complainant, Claimant, Litigant, Accuser

Antonyms: Defendant, Respondent, Accused, Offender

Example: The plaintiff filed a lawsuit seeking compensation for damages.

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17 Magnitude (noun)

The great size, extent, or importance of something; the measurement of how big or strong it is. (परिमाण)

Synonyms: Size, Extent, Scale, Importance

Antonyms: Smallness, Insignificance, Minutenness, Triviality

Example: The magnitude of the earthquake was so high that it was felt across several cities.

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18 Grueling (adjective)

Extremely tiring and demanding; very difficult to endure. (अत्यधिक कठिन और थकाने वाला)

Synonyms: Exhausting, Arduous, Strenuous, Backbreaking

Antonyms: Easy, Effortless, Relaxing, Light

Example: The grueling trek left everyone exhausted by nightfall.

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19 Cerebral (adjective)

Related to the brain or intellect; intellectual rather than emotional. (मस्तिष्क संबंधी / बौद्धिक)

Synonyms: Intellectual, Rational, Analytical, Thoughtful

Antonyms: Emotional, Unthinking, Irrational, Instinctive

Example: The movie was cerebral and required deep thinking to understand.

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20 Accomplice (noun)

A person who helps someone else commit a crime or wrongdoing. (सह-अपराधी)

Synonyms: Partner in crime, Collaborator, Associate, Cohort

Antonyms: Opponent, Adversary, Victim, Informant

Example: The thief escaped, but his accomplice was caught by the police.

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1 Trauma (noun)

A deeply distressing or disturbing experience; serious physical or emotional injury. (आघात)

Synonyms: Shock, Distress, Injury, Wound

Antonyms: Comfort, Calm, Healing, Well-being

Example: The accident left him with lasting trauma and fear of driving.

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2 Diaspora (noun)

A community of people living outside their original homeland, often spread across different countries. (प्रवासी समुदाय / मातृभूमि से बाहर फैला समुदाय)

Synonyms: Expatriate community, Dispersion, Emigrant community, Scattering

Antonyms: Homeland, Return, Repatriation, Homecoming

Example: The Indian diaspora has helped spread Indian culture and businesses across the world.

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3 Elixir (noun)

A magical or medicinal potion believed to cure illnesses or give long life; something that revitalizes. (अमृत / जीवनदायी औषधि)

Synonyms: Potion, Tonic, Remedy, Panacea

Antonyms: Poison, Toxin, Venom, Contaminant

Example: For him, morning tea was an elixir that instantly revived his energy.

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4 Nexus (noun)

A connection or link between people, things, or ideas; a central point of connection. (संबंध / कड़ी)

Synonyms: Link, Connection, Bond, Tie

Antonyms: Separation, Disconnection, Divide, Detachment

Example: The report highlighted the nexus between corruption and organized crime.

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5 Espionage (noun)

The practice of spying or using spies to obtain secret information. (जासूसी)

Synonyms: Spying, Intelligence-gathering, Surveillance, Infiltration

Antonyms: Honesty, Openness, Disclosure, Transparency

Example: The agency was accused of espionage to steal confidential defence plans.

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6 Vignette (noun)

A short, vivid description or scene, especially in writing; a brief episode. (संक्षिप्त चित्रण)

Synonyms: Sketch, Snapshot, Anecdote, Portrait

Antonyms: Epic, Novel, Chronicle, Full-length account

Example: The author opened the chapter with a vignette of village life at dawn.

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7 Mutiny (noun)

An open rebellion against lawful authority, especially by soldiers or sailors. (विद्रोह)

Synonyms: Rebellion, Revolt, Insurrection, Uprising

Antonyms: Obedience, Compliance, Loyalty, Submission

Example: The sailors planned a mutiny after months of harsh treatment.

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8 Tribulation (noun)

A state of great trouble or suffering. (कष्ट / विपत्ति)

Synonyms: Hardship, Adversity, Ordeal, Affliction

Antonyms: Comfort, Ease, Happiness, Relief

Example: She faced many tribulations while building her career from scratch.

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9 Macabre (adjective)

Disturbingly grim or concerned with death. (मृत्यु से संबंधित भयावह)

Synonyms: Grim, Ghoulish, Morbid, Ghastly

Antonyms: Cheerful, Joyful, Pleasant, Wholesome

Example: The movie had a macabre atmosphere, filled with eerie silence and death-like imagery.

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10 Vendetta (noun)

A prolonged bitter quarrel or a campaign of revenge, especially between families or groups. (खून का बदला / प्रतिशोध की दुश्मनी)

Synonyms: Feud, Revenge, Vengeance, Retribution

Antonyms: Forgiveness, Reconciliation, Amity, Peace

Example: The rival groups continued their vendetta for years, harming everyone involved.

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1 Vigorous (adjective)

Strong, healthy, and full of energy (जोशीला)

Synonyms: Energetic, Robust, Forceful, Strenuous

Antonyms: Weak, Lethargic, Feeble, Listless

Example: He made a vigorous effort to finish the race despite the heat.

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2 Investigate (verb)

Carry out a systematic examination to discover the truth (जांच करना)

Synonyms: Examine, Inquire, Probe, Scrutinize

Antonyms: Ignore, Overlook, Neglect, Disregard

Example: The police decided to investigate the matter before making any arrests.

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3 Intimidate (verb)

Frighten or threaten someone into doing what you want (डराना-धमकाना)

Synonyms: Threaten, Frighten, Bully, Daunt

Antonyms: Encourage, Comfort, Reassure, Support

Example: The stronger team tried to intimidate the newcomers with aggressive behavior.

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4 Hostile (adjective)

Unfriendly; showing anger or opposition (शत्रुतापूर्ण)

Synonyms: Unfriendly, Aggressive, Antagonistic, Adverse

Antonyms: Friendly, Kind, Welcoming, Amiable

Example: The negotiations failed because both sides remained hostile throughout the meeting.

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5 Exaggerate (verb)

Represent something as being larger, better, or worse than it really is (अतिशयोक्ति करना)

Synonyms: Overstate, Embellish, Magnify, Hyperbolize

Antonyms: Understate, Minimize, Downplay, Reduce

Example: He tends to exaggerate his achievements to impress others.

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6 Crisis (noun)

A time of intense difficulty, danger, or uncertainty (संकट)

Synonyms: Emergency, Disaster, Turmoil, Catastrophe

Antonyms: Stability, Safety, Calm, Normality

Example: During the financial crisis, many small businesses struggled to survive.

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7 Collaborate (verb)

Work jointly with others, especially on a project (सहयोग करना)

Synonyms: Cooperate, Team up, Coordinate, Partner

Antonyms: Compete, Oppose, Resist, Work alone

Example: The two researchers decided to collaborate to develop a more effective vaccine.

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8 Chaos (noun)

Complete disorder and confusion (अराजकता)

Synonyms: Disorder, Confusion, Turmoil, Anarchy

Antonyms: Order, Harmony, Peace, Stability

Example: After the sudden announcement, the office fell into chaos as everyone rushed for updates.

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9 Artificial (adjective)

Made or produced by humans rather than occurring naturally (कृत्रिम)

Synonyms: Synthetic, Man-made, Fake, Imitation

Antonyms: Natural, Genuine, Real, Authentic

Example: The flowers looked beautiful, but they were artificial and had no fragrance.

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10 Accumulate (verb)

Gradually collect or gather (अकुमुलित करना / जमा करना)

Synonyms: Gather, Collect, Amass, Assemble

Antonyms: Disperse, Scatter, Dissipate, Distribute

Example: Over time, he managed to accumulate enough savings to start his own business.

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11 Constitute (verb)

Be (a part) of a whole; form or make up something. (गठन करना)

Synonyms: Form, Compose, Make up, Establish

Antonyms: Dissolve, Disband, Destroy, Dismantle

Example: Women constitute a large part of the workforce in this sector.

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12 Assess (verb)

Evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of something. (आकलन करना)

Synonyms: Evaluate, Appraise, Judge, Estimate

Antonyms: Ignore, Disregard, Neglect, Overlook

Example: The teacher will assess your answer based on clarity and accuracy.

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13 Impel (verb)

Drive, force, or urge someone to do something. (प्रेरित करना)

Synonyms: Urge, Compel, Drive, Propel

Antonyms: Deter, Discourage, Restrain, Hinder

Example: A strong sense of duty can impel a person to help others.

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14 Surpass (verb)

Exceed; be better or greater than something. (पार करना)

Synonyms: Exceed, Outdo, Outstrip, Overtake

Antonyms: Fall short, Lag behind, Underperform, Trail

Example: Her dedication helped her surpass all expectations in the exam.

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15 Sheer (adjective)

Complete and absolute; also very thin and transparent. (पूर्ण)

Synonyms: Absolute, Complete, Utter, Transparent

Antonyms: Partial, Incomplete, Opaque, Cloudy

Example: It was sheer luck that saved him from the accident.

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16 Retain (verb)

Keep possession of; continue to have or hold. (बनाए रखना)

Synonyms: Keep, Maintain, Preserve, Hold

Antonyms: Lose, Release, Surrender, Discard

Example: The company worked hard to retain its best employees.

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17 Deploy (verb)

Move into position for effective use; arrange or use strategically. (तैनात करना)

Synonyms: Station, Position, Assign, Utilize

Antonyms: Withdraw, Recall, Remove, Disband

Example: The army decided to deploy additional troops near the border.

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18 Exert (verb)

Make a physical or mental effort. (प्रयास करना)

Synonyms: Apply, Use, Employ, Exercise

Antonyms: Relax, Rest, Refrain, Withhold

Example: He had to exert all his strength to lift the heavy box.

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19 Inflict (verb)

Cause (something unpleasant or painful) to be suffered by someone or something. (दंड देना)

Synonyms: Impose, Cause, Administer, Deal

Antonyms: Relieve, Alleviate, Ease, Comfort

Example: The officer was punished for trying to inflict harm on an innocent person.

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20 Pledge (noun)

A solemn promise or commitment, often made publicly. (प्रतिज्ञा)

Synonyms: Promise, Commitment, Vow, Assurance

Antonyms: Betrayal, Renunciation, Denial, Refusal

Example: She took a pledge to protect the environment and reduce plastic use.

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1 Talisman (noun)

An object believed to bring good luck or provide protection. (ताबीज)

Synonyms: Amulet, Charm, Token, Mascot

Antonyms: Curse, Jinx, Misfortune, Hex

Example: She carried a small talisman in her pocket for protection during the journey.

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2 Gesticulate (verb)

Use gestures, especially exaggerated ones, while speaking. (हाथों के इशारे करना)

Synonyms: Gesture, Signal, Motion, Wave

Antonyms: Restrain, Still, Calm, Quiet

Example: He began to gesticulate wildly to explain his point across the noisy room.

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3 Regale (verb)

Entertain or amuse someone with talk or stories. (मनोरंजन करना)

Synonyms: Entertain, Amuse, Delight, Charm

Antonyms: Bore, Displease, Tire, Depress

Example: He regaled the guests with stories from his travels.

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4 Litany (noun)

A long, repetitive series or list, often of complaints or phrases. (लंबी सूची)

Synonyms: List, Recital, Catalog, Enumeration

Antonyms: Silence, Break, Pause, Interruption

Example: He delivered a litany of complaints about the service and the delay.

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5 Infinitesimal (adjective)

Extremely small; so small as to be almost immeasurable. (अतिसूक्ष्म)

Synonyms: Minute, Tiny, Microscopic, Minuscule

Antonyms: Huge, Enormous, Immense, Vast

Example: The change in temperature was infinitesimal, barely noticeable.

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6 Extricate (verb)

Free (someone or something) from a difficult or complicated situation. (मुक्त करना)

Synonyms: Disentangle, Release, Free, Unravel

Antonyms: Entangle, Trap, Ensnare, Involve

Example: She managed to extricate herself from the conflict without taking sides.

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7 Officious (adjective)

Intrusively enthusiastic in offering help or advice; meddlesome. (दखलअंदाज)

Synonyms: Meddlesome, Intrusive, Interfering, Pushy

Antonyms: Unobtrusive, Reserved, Modest, Reticent

Example: The officious clerk kept giving unwanted instructions to everyone in the line.

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8 Occlude (verb)

Block or obstruct (a passage, opening, or flow). (अवरुद्ध करना)

Synonyms: Obstruct, Block, Clog, Impede

Antonyms: Unblock, Clear, Open, Allow

Example: A blood clot can occlude an artery and restrict blood flow.

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9 Interminable (adjective)

Seemingly endless; continuing for an unusually long time. (अनंत सा लगने वाला)

Synonyms: Endless, Unending, Never-ending, Protracted

Antonyms: Brief, Short, Finite, Limited

Example: The meeting felt interminable, stretching late into the evening.

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10 Digress (verb)

Depart briefly from the main subject; wander off topic. (विषयांतर करना)

Synonyms: Deviate, Ramble, Diverge, Meander

Antonyms: Focus, Concentrate, Adhere, Stick

Example: During the lecture, he began to digress into unrelated personal stories.

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11 Superficial (adjective)

Existing or occurring on the surface; not deep or thorough; only apparent. (सतही)

Synonyms: Shallow, Surface-level, Frivolous, Skin-deep

Antonyms: Deep, Profound, Thorough, Genuine

Example: His knowledge of the topic was superficial, so he could not answer detailed questions.

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12 Sabotage (noun/verb)

(Noun) Deliberate destruction or obstruction to weaken an effort, project, or system. (तोड़फोड़; विध्वंस)

Synonyms: Undermine, Disrupt, Subvert, Wreck

Antonyms: Support, Assist, Aid, Promote

Example: The team suspected someone tried to sabotage the experiment by damaging the equipment.

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13 Pungent (adjective)

Having a strong, sharp smell or taste; sharply critical in expression. (तीखा; तेज गंध वाला)

Synonyms: Sharp, Acrid, Strong, Piercing

Antonyms: Mild, Bland, Odorless, Gentle

Example: The pungent smell of garlic filled the entire kitchen.

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14 Nemesis (noun)

A long-standing rival or archenemy; something or someone that causes your downfall. (कट्टर शत्रु; विनाश का कारण)

Synonyms: Archenemy, Adversary, Rival, Foil

Antonyms: Ally, Friend, Supporter, Benefactor

Example: His overconfidence became his nemesis in the final match.

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15 Narcissist (noun)

A person who is excessively self-centered and has an exaggerated sense of self-importance. (आत्ममुग्ध व्यक्ति)

Synonyms: Egotist, Egomaniac, Conceited person, Self-admirer

Antonyms: Humble person, Modest person, Altruist, Selfless person

Example: Everyone avoided working with him because he was a narcissist who took all the credit.

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16 Irrevocable (adjective)

Impossible to change, reverse, or take back. (अपरिवर्तनीय)

Synonyms: Unalterable, Irreversible, Permanent, Final

Antonyms: Reversible, Changeable, Revocable, Temporary

Example: Once the confession was recorded, it became an irrevocable part of the case file.

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17 Desist (verb)

Stop doing something; cease. (विरत होना)

Synonyms: Cease, Stop, Refrain, Discontinue

Antonyms: Continue, Persist, Proceed, Maintain

Example: The police warned the crowd to desist from throwing stones.

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18 Delirium (noun)

A disturbed state of mind with confusion, restlessness, and sometimes hallucinations, often caused by illness or fever. (प्रलाप)

Synonyms: Confusion, Frenzy, Disorientation, Hallucination

Antonyms: Clarity, Sanity, Awareness, Composure

Example: Due to high fever, the patient slipped into delirium and spoke incoherently.

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19 Compulsory (adjective)

Required by law, rules, or authority; mandatory. (अनिवार्य)

Synonyms: Mandatory, Obligatory, Required, Necessary

Antonyms: Optional, Voluntary, Discretionary, Elective

Example: Wearing a helmet is compulsory for two-wheeler riders in many states.

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20 Barrage (noun/verb)

(Noun) A sudden, intense attack or a rapid outpouring (especially of words, questions, or criticism); a barrier built across a river to control water flow. (बमबारी; बांध)

Synonyms: Volley, Onslaught, Blitz, Fusillade

Antonyms: Lull, Calm, Peace, Truce

Example: The minister faced a barrage of questions during the press conference.

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