Daily Vocab

1 Fruitful (adjective)

Producing good or useful results. (फलदायक)

Synonyms: Productive, Profitable, Successful, Rewarding

Antonyms: Fruitless, Unproductive, Unsuccessful, Useless

Example: The meeting was fruitful and led to many new ideas.

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2 Competent (adjective)

Having enough skill, knowledge, or ability to do something well. (सक्षम)

Synonyms: Capable, Skilled, Efficient, Qualified

Antonyms: Incompetent, Unskilled, Inefficient, Incapable

Example: She is a competent manager who handles every task well.

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3 Destructive (adjective)

Causing great damage or harm. (विनाशकारी)

Synonyms: Damaging, Harmful, Ruinous, Devastating

Antonyms: Constructive, Creative, Beneficial, Protective

Example: The flood had a destructive impact on the village.

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4 Mindful (adjective)

Aware of something and careful about it. (सचेत)

Synonyms: Aware, Attentive, Conscious, Careful

Antonyms: Mindless, Negligent, Inattentive, Careless

Example: We should be mindful of other people’s feelings.

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5 Enthusiastic (adjective)

Showing strong interest, excitement, or eagerness. (उत्साही)

Synonyms: Eager, Zealous, Passionate, Ardent

Antonyms: Indifferent, Apathetic, Uninterested, Lukewarm

Example: The students were enthusiastic about the new project.

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6 Unyielding (adjective)

Not willing to change one’s opinion, decision, or attitude. (अडिग)

Synonyms: Firm, Stubborn, Inflexible, Resolute

Antonyms: Flexible, Yielding, Compliant, Pliable

Example: He remained unyielding in his decision despite criticism.

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7 Compliant (adjective)

Willing to obey rules, orders, or requests. (आज्ञाकारी)

Synonyms: Obedient, Submissive, Amenable, Acquiescent

Antonyms: Defiant, Disobedient, Rebellious, Noncompliant

Example: The company remained compliant with all safety regulations.

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8 Sustainable (adjective)

Able to continue for a long time without harming the environment or using up resources. (टिकाऊ)

Synonyms: Viable, Enduring, Renewable, Eco-friendly

Antonyms: Unsustainable, Wasteful, Depleting, Short-lived

Example: Solar energy is a sustainable source of power.

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9 Sociable (adjective)

Friendly and willing to talk to people. (मिलनसार)

Synonyms: Friendly, Outgoing, Gregarious, Affable

Antonyms: Unsociable, Reserved, Aloof, Introverted

Example: She is a sociable person who easily makes new friends.

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10 Persistent (adjective)

Continuing firmly in an action or belief despite difficulty or opposition. (दृढ़ और लगातार बने रहने वाला)

Synonyms: Tenacious, Determined, Persevering, Relentless

Antonyms: Inconstant, Irresolute, Fleeting, Temporary

Example: His persistent efforts finally helped him achieve success.

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1 Geopolitics (noun)

The study of how geography influences politics, international relations, and power between countries. (भू-राजनीति)

Synonyms: International politics, Power politics, Strategic politics, Global politics

Antonyms: Domestic politics, Local politics, Internal affairs, Nonpolitical geography

Example: Geopolitics affects trade routes, borders, and relations between countries.

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2 Horticulture (noun)

The science and practice of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. (बागवानी)

Synonyms: Gardening, Plant cultivation, Floriculture, Fruit growing

Antonyms: Deforestation, Neglect, Barren farming, Plant destruction

Example: Horticulture plays an important role in fruit and vegetable production.

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3 Underemployment (noun)

A situation in which a person works less than they can or does work below their skill level. (अल्परोजगार)

Synonyms: Partial employment, Inadequate employment, Low-level employment, Insufficient work

Antonyms: Full employment, Gainful employment, Proper employment, Adequate employment

Example: Underemployment occurs when skilled graduates are forced to do low-paid jobs.

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4 Shareholder (noun)

A person or institution that owns shares in a company. (अंशधारक)

Synonyms: Stockholder, Investor, Equity holder, Shareowner

Antonyms: Non-owner, Debtor, Creditor, Outsider

Example: Every shareholder has the right to receive company updates.

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5 Macroeconomics (noun)

The branch of economics that studies the economy as a whole, including inflation, unemployment, growth, and national income. (समष्टि अर्थशास्त्र)

Synonyms: Aggregate economics, National economics, Economy-wide analysis, General economics

Antonyms: Microeconomics, Individual economics, Firm-level economics, Household economics

Example: Macroeconomics studies how inflation affects the entire economy.

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6 Whistleblower (noun)

A person who exposes wrongdoing, corruption, or illegal activity in an organization. (गलत कार्य उजागर करने वाला व्यक्ति)

Synonyms: Informer, Informant, Tipster, Exposer

Antonyms: Concealer, Accomplice, Collaborator, Suppressor

Example: The whistleblower revealed the company’s illegal financial practices.

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7 Cybersecurity (noun)

The practice of protecting computers, networks, and digital data from cyber attacks. (साइबर सुरक्षा)

Synonyms: Digital security, Computer security, Network security, Information security

Antonyms: Digital insecurity, Cyber vulnerability, Network exposure, Security weakness

Example: Cybersecurity is essential for protecting personal and financial information online.

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8 Deforestation (noun)

The cutting down or removal of forests from a large area. (वनों की कटाई)

Synonyms: Forest clearance, Logging, Clear-cutting, Denudation

Antonyms: Afforestation, Reforestation, Forestation, Tree planting

Example: Deforestation can lead to soil erosion and loss of biodiversity.

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9 Multilingual (adjective)

Able to use or involving several languages. (बहुभाषी)

Synonyms: Polyglot, Plurilingual, Bilingual, Many-tongued

Antonyms: Monolingual, Unilingual, Single-language, One-language

Example: India is a multilingual country with hundreds of spoken languages.

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10 Libertarian (noun/adjective)

A person who strongly supports individual freedom and limited government control. (स्वतंत्रतावादी)

Synonyms: Individualist, Free-thinker, Anti-authoritarian, Civil libertarian

Antonyms: Authoritarian, Statist, Collectivist, Totalitarian

Example: The libertarian argued that people should have more personal and economic freedom.

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11 Asset (noun)

A valuable thing, person, quality, or property that is useful. (संपत्ति)

Synonyms: Resource, Advantage, Property, Strength

Antonyms: Liability, Burden, Disadvantage, Debt

Example: Good communication skill is an asset in any profession.

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12 Republic (noun)

A country where the head of the state is elected and power belongs to the people or their representatives. (गणराज्य)

Synonyms: Democracy, Commonwealth, State, Representative government

Antonyms: Monarchy, Dictatorship, Autocracy, Empire

Example: India became a republic on 26 January 1950.

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13 Hygiene (noun)

The practice of keeping oneself and surroundings clean to prevent disease. (स्वच्छता)

Synonyms: Cleanliness, Sanitation, Asepsis, Purity

Antonyms: Filth, Dirtiness, Contamination, Uncleanliness

Example: Good hygiene helps prevent many infections.

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14 Hemisphere (noun)

One half of the earth or one half of a sphere. (गोलार्ध)

Synonyms: Half-globe, Semisphere, Half-sphere, Region

Antonyms: Whole sphere, Entire globe, Full sphere, Complete globe

Example: India lies in the Northern Hemisphere.

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15 Refugee (noun)

A person who is forced to leave his or her country or home because of war, violence, or persecution. (शरणार्थी)

Synonyms: Exile, Evacuee, Asylum seeker, Displaced person

Antonyms: Citizen, Native, Resident, Inhabitant

Example: Many refugees crossed the border to find safety.

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16 Poverty (noun)

The state of being very poor and lacking basic needs. (गरीबी)

Synonyms: Destitution, Penury, Indigence, Deprivation

Antonyms: Wealth, Prosperity, Affluence, Abundance

Example: Education can help people come out of poverty.

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17 Layman (noun)

A person who does not have expert knowledge of a particular subject. (सामान्य व्यक्ति)

Synonyms: Amateur, Nonexpert, Outsider, Novice

Antonyms: Expert, Specialist, Professional, Scholar

Example: The doctor explained the disease in simple words so that a layman could understand it.

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18 Extinct (adjective)

No longer existing, especially used for a species of animal or plant. (विलुप्त)

Synonyms: Vanished, Dead, Defunct, Nonexistent

Antonyms: Existing, Living, Surviving, Active

Example: Dinosaurs became extinct millions of years ago.

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19 Unrivaled (adjective)

Better than everyone or everything else; having no equal. (अतुलनीय)

Synonyms: Unmatched, Peerless, Unsurpassed, Incomparable

Antonyms: Matched, Rivaled, Surpassed, Ordinary

Example: His unrivaled knowledge of history made him the best teacher in the school.

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20 Communicable (adjective)

Able to be passed from one person, animal, or thing to another, especially a disease. (संचारी)

Synonyms: Contagious, Infectious, Transmissible, Catching

Antonyms: Noncommunicable, Noninfectious, Noncontagious, Intransmissible

Example: Malaria is a communicable disease spread through mosquitoes.

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1 Recreational (adjective)

Connected with activities done for enjoyment and relaxation. (मनोरंजन संबंधी)

Synonyms: Leisure, Amusing, Enjoyable, Relaxing

Antonyms: Work-related, Serious, Boring, Stressful

Example: The park provides many recreational activities for children.

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2 Participation (noun)

The act of taking part in an activity or event. (भागीदारी)

Synonyms: Involvement, Engagement, Contribution, Attendance

Antonyms: Absence, Withdrawal, Noninvolvement, Exclusion

Example: Active participation in class improves learning.

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3 Maintenance (noun)

The process of keeping something in good condition. (रखरखाव)

Synonyms: Upkeep, Preservation, Care, Servicing

Antonyms: Neglect, Damage, Destruction, Deterioration

Example: Regular maintenance keeps the machine working properly.

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4 Harassment (noun)

Repeated trouble, pressure, or unwanted behavior towards someone. (उत्पीड़न)

Synonyms: Bullying, Intimidation, Persecution, Torment

Antonyms: Protection, Support, Comfort, Assistance

Example: The company took strict action against workplace harassment.

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5 Familiarize (verb)

To make someone know or understand something well. (परिचित कराना)

Synonyms: Acquaint, Introduce, Inform, Educate

Antonyms: Confuse, Mislead, Conceal, Mystify

Example: The teacher tried to familiarize students with the new syllabus.

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6 Embarrassment (noun)

A feeling of shame, awkwardness, or discomfort. (शर्मिंदगी)

Synonyms: Shame, Awkwardness, Discomfort, Humiliation

Antonyms: Confidence, Pride, Comfort, Ease

Example: He felt embarrassment after forgetting his speech on stage.

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7 Diagonal (adjective)

Going in a slanting direction from one corner to another. (विकर्ण)

Synonyms: Slanting, Oblique, Inclined, Crosswise

Antonyms: Straight, Vertical, Horizontal, Parallel

Example: Draw a diagonal line from the top left corner to the bottom right corner.

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8 Celebratory (adjective)

Connected with celebration or expressing happiness on a special occasion. (उत्सव संबंधी)

Synonyms: Festive, Joyful, Jubilant, Cheerful

Antonyms: Mournful, Sorrowful, Gloomy, Somber

Example: The team arranged a celebratory dinner after winning the match.

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9 Bypass (verb)

To avoid something by going around it or using another way. (बचकर निकलना)

Synonyms: Avoid, Evade, Circumvent, Sidestep

Antonyms: Face, Confront, Address, Encounter

Example: The driver tried to bypass the traffic by taking a side road.

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10 Abandonment (noun)

The act of leaving someone or something completely. (त्याग)

Synonyms: Desertion, Forsaking, Relinquishment, Renunciation

Antonyms: Support, Protection, Retention, Care

Example: The abandonment of the old building made the area look unsafe.

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11 Succulent (noun/adjective)

Full of juice; tender and juicy. (रसदार)

Synonyms: Juicy, Luscious, Tender, Moist

Antonyms: Dry, Juiceless, Withered, Parched

Example: The succulent mangoes were sweet and fresh.

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12 Inflammable (adjective)

Easily set on fire. (ज्वलनशील)

Synonyms: Flammable, Combustible, Ignitable, Fiery

Antonyms: Nonflammable, Fireproof, Incombustible, Noncombustible

Example: Petrol is a highly inflammable liquid.

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13 Inaccessible (adjective)

Difficult or impossible to reach, enter, or use. (दुर्गम)

Synonyms: Unreachable, Unapproachable, Unavailable, Remote

Antonyms: Accessible, Reachable, Approachable, Available

Example: The village remained inaccessible during the heavy snowfall.

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14 Centripetal (adjective)

Moving or directed towards the centre. (केंद्राभिमुख)

Synonyms: Inward, Centralizing, Center-seeking, Convergent

Antonyms: Centrifugal, Outward, Divergent, Dispersing

Example: Centripetal force keeps a moving object in a circular path.

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15 Biennial (noun/adjective)

Happening once every two years. (द्विवार्षिक)

Synonyms: Two-yearly, Every Two Years, Biyearly, Occurring Biennially

Antonyms: Annual, Yearly, Monthly, Weekly

Example: The college organizes a biennial cultural festival.

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16 Autobiography (noun)

The story of a person’s life written by that person himself or herself. (आत्मकथा)

Synonyms: Memoir, Life Story, Personal History, Self-written Biography

Antonyms: Biography, Fiction, Novel, Third-person Account

Example: The leader wrote his autobiography after retirement.

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17 Artisan (noun)

A skilled person who makes things by hand. (कारीगर)

Synonyms: Craftsman, Craftsperson, Maker, Handworker

Antonyms: Amateur, Novice, Unskilled Worker, Layperson

Example: The artisan made beautiful wooden toys by hand.

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18 Antiseptic (noun/adjective)

A substance that prevents infection by killing or stopping the growth of germs. (रोगाणुरोधक)

Synonyms: Disinfectant, Germicidal, Antibacterial, Sterile

Antonyms: Septic, Infected, Contaminated, Germ-ridden

Example: The doctor applied an antiseptic lotion to the wound.

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19 Agronomy (noun)

The science of soil management and crop production. (कृषि विज्ञान)

Synonyms: Crop Science, Soil Science, Agriculture, Farming Science

Antonyms: Industrialization, Manufacturing, Urbanization, Non-agriculture

Example: Agronomy helps farmers improve crop yield and soil quality.

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20 Aeronautics (noun)

The science or practice of flying aircraft. (वैमानिकी)

Synonyms: Aviation, Flight Engineering, Aerospace Science, Aerodynamics

Antonyms: Ground Transport, Land Travel, Seafaring, Marine Navigation

Example: Aeronautics plays an important role in the design and development of modern aircraft.

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1 Decriminalize (verb)

To remove criminal penalties from an act or activity. (अपराध की श्रेणी से हटाना)

Synonyms: Legalize, Permit, Allow, Legitimize

Antonyms: Criminalize, Outlaw, Prohibit, Ban

Example: Some countries decided to decriminalize minor drug possession.

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2 Backpedal (verb)

To change an earlier statement, decision, or position, especially by going back from it. (अपने कथन या निर्णय से पीछे हटना)

Synonyms: Retract, Reverse, Retreat, Recant

Antonyms: Maintain, Affirm, Persist, Advance

Example: The minister had to backpedal after public criticism.

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3 Subvert (verb)

To secretly weaken or destroy a system, authority, or institution. (व्यवस्था को कमजोर करना)

Synonyms: Undermine, Sabotage, Overthrow, Destabilize

Antonyms: Support, Uphold, Strengthen, Preserve

Example: The group tried to subvert the democratic process.

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4 Enfranchise (verb)

To give someone the right to vote or freedom from restriction. (मताधिकार देना)

Synonyms: Empower, Liberate, Emancipate, Authorize

Antonyms: Disenfranchise, Enslave, Disempower, Deprive

Example: The reform helped enfranchise many citizens.

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5 Preliminary (noun/adjective)

Coming before the main or final action; introductory. (प्रारंभिक)

Synonyms: Initial, Introductory, Preparatory, Opening

Antonyms: Final, Concluding, Definitive, Ultimate

Example: The preliminary round will be held before the final match.

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6 Overstep (verb)

To go beyond a limit, rule, or authority. (सीमा का उल्लंघन करना)

Synonyms: Exceed, Transgress, Infringe, Violate

Antonyms: Obey, Respect, Comply, Observe

Example: The officer should not overstep his authority.

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7 Realign (verb)

To arrange or adjust something again into a new or correct position. (फिर से व्यवस्थित करना)

Synonyms: Readjust, Reorganize, Reposition, Rearrange

Antonyms: Disorganize, Misalign, Disturb, Disorder

Example: The company decided to realign its business strategy.

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8 Countermeasure (noun)

An action taken to prevent or reduce the effect of danger, attack, or problem. (प्रतिरोधी उपाय)

Synonyms: Safeguard, Precaution, Defense, Response

Antonyms: Inaction, Neglect, Surrender, Vulnerability

Example: The government introduced countermeasures to stop cyber attacks.

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9 Outflank (verb)

To move around the side of an opponent to gain an advantage. (पक्ष से घेरकर बढ़त लेना)

Synonyms: Outmaneuver, Bypass, Circumvent, Outsmart

Antonyms: Confront, Face, Yield, Withdraw

Example: The army tried to outflank the enemy from the left side.

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10 Undergird (verb)

To support or strengthen something from below or as a foundation. (मजबूत आधार देना)

Synonyms: Support, Strengthen, Buttress, Underpin

Antonyms: Undermine, Weaken, Destabilize, Erode

Example: Strong values undergird a successful society.

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11 Reciprocate (verb)

Respond to an action, feeling, or gesture with a similar action or feeling. (प्रतिदान करना; बदले में वैसा ही करना)

Synonyms: Return, Repay, Requite, Respond

Antonyms: Ignore, Reject, Withhold, Refuse

Example: He helped me, so I decided to reciprocate his kindness.

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12 Precipitate (verb/adjective)

Cause something to happen suddenly; done too quickly without enough thought. (अचानक घटित करना; उतावला)

Synonyms: Trigger, Hasten, Provoke, Rash

Antonyms: Prevent, Delay, Restrain, Cautious

Example: The sudden announcement precipitated a heated debate.

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13 Impersonate (verb)

Pretend to be another person, often by copying their voice, appearance, or behavior. (किसी का रूप धारण करना)

Synonyms: Imitate, Mimic, Pose, Masquerade

Antonyms: Reveal, Unmask, Disclose, Identify

Example: The actor impersonated a famous leader on stage.

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14 Hypothesize (verb)

Suggest a possible explanation based on limited evidence. (परिकल्पना करना)

Synonyms: Assume, Theorize, Suppose, Speculate

Antonyms: Prove, Confirm, Verify, Establish

Example: Scientists hypothesize that the planet may have once contained water.

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15 Devalue (verb)

Reduce the value, importance, or worth of something. (मूल्य घटाना)

Synonyms: Depreciate, Decrease, Undervalue, Diminish

Antonyms: Appreciate, Enhance, Increase, Upgrade

Example: Constant criticism can devalue a person’s confidence.

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16 Dehydrate (verb)

Lose or remove water from something. (निर्जलित करना; पानी की कमी होना)

Synonyms: Dry, Desiccate, Drain, Parched

Antonyms: Hydrate, Moisturize, Dampen, Soak

Example: Long exposure to the sun can dehydrate the body.

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17 Decelerate (verb)

Reduce speed; slow down. (गति कम करना)

Synonyms: Slow, Brake, Retard, Slack

Antonyms: Accelerate, Hasten, Quicken, Speed

Example: The driver had to decelerate near the sharp turn.

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18 Complicate (verb)

Make something more difficult, confusing, or complex. (जटिल बनाना)

Synonyms: Confuse, Entangle, Obscure, Encumber

Antonyms: Simplify, Clarify, Explain, Ease

Example: His unnecessary questions complicated the simple issue.

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19 Capitalize (verb)

Use something to gain advantage; write in capital letters; provide capital for business. (लाभ उठाना; बड़े अक्षरों में लिखना; पूंजी लगाना)

Synonyms: Exploit, Utilize, Leverage, Finance

Antonyms: Waste, Squander, Ignore, Neglect

Example: The company capitalized on the growing demand for electric vehicles.

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20 Appreciate (verb)

Recognize the value, quality, or importance of someone or something; increase in value. (सराहना करना; मूल्य बढ़ना)

Synonyms: Value, Admire, Esteem, Recognize

Antonyms: Criticize, Disparage, Depreciate, Devalue

Example: She appreciated his sincere efforts.

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1 Lurk (verb)

To stay hidden, usually while waiting secretly. (छिपकर रहना)

Synonyms: Hide, Sneak, Skulk, Loiter

Antonyms: Appear, Emerge, Reveal, Surface

Example: The thief continued to lurk behind the wall.

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2 Quip (noun)

A clever or witty remark. (चतुर टिप्पणी)

Synonyms: Joke, Jest, Wisecrack, Remark

Antonyms: Praise, Seriousness, Flattery, Compliment

Example: His funny quip made the whole class laugh.

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3 Gait (noun)

A person’s manner or style of walking. (चाल)

Synonyms: Walk, Stride, Pace, Step

Antonyms: Stillness, Halt, Immobility, Rest

Example: The soldier’s confident gait impressed everyone.

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4 Niche (noun)

A suitable place, role, or position for someone or something. (उपयुक्त स्थान)

Synonyms: Position, Role, Place, Specialty

Antonyms: Generality, Misfit, Unsuitability, Irrelevance

Example: He found his niche in digital marketing.

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5 Flair (noun)

A natural talent or stylish quality. (स्वाभाविक प्रतिभा)

Synonyms: Talent, Skill, Style, Aptitude

Antonyms: Inability, Clumsiness, Awkwardness, Ineptitude

Example: She has a flair for writing powerful speeches.

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6 Ethos (noun)

The main beliefs, values, and spirit of a person, group, or culture. (मूल मूल्य और भावना)

Synonyms: Spirit, Character, Culture, Values

Antonyms: Immorality, Corruption, Disharmony, Degeneration

Example: Discipline and honesty are central to the ethos of this institution.

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7 Vista (noun)

A beautiful view, especially seen through a long narrow opening. (सुंदर दृश्य)

Synonyms: View, Panorama, Outlook, Prospect

Antonyms: Obstruction, Blockage, Concealment, Enclosure

Example: The hilltop offered a breathtaking vista of the valley.

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8 Tome (noun)

A large, heavy, and serious book. (बड़ी पुस्तक)

Synonyms: Volume, Book, Work, Treatise

Antonyms: Pamphlet, Leaflet, Booklet, Brochure

Example: He carried a thick tome on ancient history.

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9 Moxie (noun)

Courage, confidence, and determination. (साहस)

Synonyms: Courage, Grit, Nerve, Determination

Antonyms: Timidity, Cowardice, Fearfulness, Weakness

Example: She showed great moxie while speaking in front of a large crowd.

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10 Haggle (verb)

Bargain or argue, especially about the price of something. (मोल-भाव करना)

Synonyms: Bargain, Negotiate, Barter, Dicker

Antonyms: Accept, Agree, Comply, Concede

Example: She tried to haggle with the shopkeeper over the price of the bag.

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11 Exponent (noun)

A person who supports, explains, or represents an idea; in mathematics, a number showing power. (प्रतिपादक)

Synonyms: Advocate, Supporter, Proponent, Champion

Antonyms: Opponent, Critic, Adversary, Detractor

Example: He was a strong exponent of social reform.

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12 Lineage (noun)

The line of descent or ancestry of a person, family, or group. (वंशावली)

Synonyms: Ancestry, Descent, Pedigree, Family

Antonyms: Offspring, Descendant, Individual, Nonlineal

Example: The prince belonged to a noble lineage.

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13 Void (noun/adjective)

An empty space; completely empty or lacking something. (खालीपन)

Synonyms: Emptiness, Vacuum, Blank, Gap

Antonyms: Fullness, Presence, Substance, Occupancy

Example: His sudden departure left a void in the team.

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14 Torment (noun/verb)

Severe physical or mental suffering; to cause great pain or distress. (यातना देना)

Synonyms: Agony, Torture, Misery, Distress

Antonyms: Comfort, Relief, Peace, Pleasure

Example: The memories of failure continued to torment him.

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15 Heritage (noun)

Traditions, culture, property, or values passed down from earlier generations. (विरासत)

Synonyms: Legacy, Inheritance, Tradition, Patrimony

Antonyms: Loss, Disinheritance, Modernity, Abandonment

Example: Rajasthan has a rich cultural heritage of forts, music, and art.

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16 Valor (noun)

Great courage, especially in danger or battle. (वीरता)

Synonyms: Courage, Bravery, Heroism, Gallantry

Antonyms: Cowardice, Fear, Timidity, Weakness

Example: The soldier was awarded for his valor on the battlefield.

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17 Constancy (noun)

The quality of being faithful, steady, and unchanging. (स्थिरता)

Synonyms: Steadfastness, Faithfulness, Stability, Loyalty

Antonyms: Inconstancy, Instability, Disloyalty, Changeability

Example: Her constancy in difficult times earned everyone’s respect.

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18 Revelation (noun)

The act of making something known that was hidden or secret. (प्रकटीकरण)

Synonyms: Disclosure, Exposure, Unveiling, Discovery

Antonyms: Concealment, Secrecy, Suppression, Hiding

Example: The report brought a shocking revelation about the company.

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19 Legion (noun)

A very large number of people or things. (बड़ी संख्या)

Synonyms: Multitude, Host, Horde, Throng

Antonyms: Few, Handful, Minority, Scarcity

Example: The leader had a legion of supporters across the country.

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20 Verve (noun)

Energy, enthusiasm, and liveliness in doing something. (जोश)

Synonyms: Enthusiasm, Vigor, Vitality, Spirit

Antonyms: Lethargy, Dullness, Apathy, Lifelessness

Example: She performed the dance with great verve and confidence.

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1 Corrigible (adjective)

Capable of being corrected, improved, or reformed. (सुधार योग्य)

Synonyms: Reformable, Correctable, Amendable, Rectifiable

Antonyms: Incorrigible, Irreformable, Uncorrectable, Hopeless

Example: The teacher believed that the student’s mistakes were corrigible.

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2 Contrition (noun)

Deep regret for doing something wrong. (पश्चाताप)

Synonyms: Remorse, Repentance, Regret, Penitence

Antonyms: Impenitence, Remorselessness, Defiance, Shamelessness

Example: He expressed sincere contrition for his rude behavior.

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3 Portentous (adjective)

Giving a sign that something serious or bad may happen. (अशुभ संकेत देने वाला)

Synonyms: Ominous, Foreboding, Threatening, Momentous

Antonyms: Auspicious, Reassuring, Insignificant, Ordinary

Example: The dark clouds looked portentous before the storm.

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4 Perspicuous (adjective)

Clearly expressed and easy to understand. (स्पष्ट और समझने योग्य)

Synonyms: Clear, Lucid, Intelligible, Comprehensible

Antonyms: Obscure, Unclear, Ambiguous, Confusing

Example: The teacher gave a perspicuous explanation of the difficult topic.

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5 Opprobrious (adjective)

Expressing strong criticism, insult, or disgrace. (अपमानजनक)

Synonyms: Abusive, Scornful, Insulting, Contemptuous

Antonyms: Respectful, Complimentary, Honorable, Approving

Example: The leader faced opprobrious comments after the scandal.

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6 Nettlesome (adjective)

Causing irritation, annoyance, or trouble. (परेशान करने वाला)

Synonyms: Irritating, Annoying, Vexing, Troublesome

Antonyms: Pleasant, Soothing, Agreeable, Calming

Example: The nettlesome delay made the passengers restless.

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7 Waggish (adjective)

Humorous in a playful or mischievous way. (मजाकिया और शरारती)

Synonyms: Playful, Mischievous, Jocular, Facetious

Antonyms: Serious, Solemn, Grave, Humorless

Example: His waggish remarks made everyone laugh during the meeting.

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8 Sanguinary (adjective)

Involving or causing much bloodshed. (रक्तपातपूर्ण)

Synonyms: Bloody, Bloodthirsty, Murderous, Brutal

Antonyms: Peaceful, Humane, Merciful, Nonviolent

Example: The sanguinary battle left the entire region devastated.

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9 Vertiginous (adjective)

Causing dizziness or a feeling of spinning. (चक्कर पैदा करने वाला)

Synonyms: Dizzying, Giddy, Whirling, Reeling

Antonyms: Stable, Steady, Balanced, Level

Example: The vertiginous height of the tower frightened the visitors.

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10 Vernal (adjective)

Relating to spring; fresh and youthful. (वसंत ऋतु से संबंधित)

Synonyms: Springlike, Springtime, Fresh, Youthful

Antonyms: Autumnal, Wintry, Aged, Withered

Example: The vernal breeze filled the garden with freshness.

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11 Eloquence (noun)

Fluent, powerful, and effective expression in speech or writing. (वाक्पटुता)

Synonyms: Fluency, Articulateness, Expressiveness, Oratory

Antonyms: Inarticulateness, Hesitation, Silence, Inelegance

Example: The leader’s eloquence inspired thousands of people.

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12 Asceticism (noun)

A way of life involving strict self-discipline and avoidance of physical pleasures. (तपस्या)

Synonyms: Austerity, Self-denial, Abstinence, Renunciation

Antonyms: Luxury, Indulgence, Hedonism, Extravagance

Example: The monk practiced asceticism and lived a very simple life.

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13 Prodigality (noun)

Wasteful or excessive spending of money or resources. (अपव्यय)

Synonyms: Extravagance, Wastefulness, Lavishness, Profligacy

Antonyms: Thrift, Frugality, Economy, Moderation

Example: His prodigality soon left him in financial trouble.

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14 Munificence (noun)

The quality of being extremely generous. (उदारता)

Synonyms: Generosity, Largesse, Bounty, Benevolence

Antonyms: Stinginess, Miserliness, Meanness, Parsimony

Example: The king was admired for his munificence toward the poor.

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15 Exigency (noun)

An urgent need or demand requiring immediate action. (आपात आवश्यकता)

Synonyms: Emergency, Urgency, Necessity, Crisis

Antonyms: Ease, Calm, Triviality, Non-necessity

Example: The exigency of the situation required quick decision-making.

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16 Perspicacity (noun)

The ability to understand things quickly and clearly. (सूक्ष्मदर्शिता)

Synonyms: Insight, Acumen, Discernment, Perception

Antonyms: Dullness, Stupidity, Obtuseness, Ignorance

Example: Her perspicacity helped her identify the real problem immediately.

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17 Erudition (noun)

Great knowledge gained from study and reading. (विद्वत्ता)

Synonyms: Scholarship, Learning, Knowledge, Literacy

Antonyms: Ignorance, Illiteracy, Unawareness, Inexperience

Example: The professor’s erudition was evident in his detailed lecture.

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18 Cogency (noun)

The quality of being clear, logical, and convincing. (तार्किकता)

Synonyms: Persuasiveness, Validity, Soundness, Plausibility

Antonyms: Weakness, Incoherence, Invalidity, Implausibility

Example: The cogency of her argument impressed the judges.

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19 Ebullience (noun)

Cheerful and energetic enthusiasm. (उत्साह)

Synonyms: Exuberance, Enthusiasm, Buoyancy, Vivacity

Antonyms: Apathy, Lethargy, Dullness, Gloom

Example: His ebullience made the entire classroom lively.

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20 Sanguinity (noun)

Optimistic confidence, especially in a difficult situation. (आशावादिता)

Synonyms: Optimism, Confidence, Hopefulness, Positivity

Antonyms: Pessimism, Despair, Gloom, Cynicism

Example: Her sanguinity helped the team remain calm during the crisis.

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1 Modify (verb)

To make partial changes to something. (संशोधित करना)

Synonyms: Alter, Change, Adjust, Revise

Antonyms: Preserve, Maintain, Retain, Keep

Example: The teacher asked him to modify the answer before submission.

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2 Expectant (adjective)

Hoping or waiting for something to happen. (अपेक्षा रखने वाला)

Synonyms: Hopeful, Anticipating, Awaiting, Eager

Antonyms: Hopeless, Doubtful, Uninterested, Indifferent

Example: The expectant crowd waited for the leader’s arrival.

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3 Inverse (adjective/noun)

Opposite in order, position, or effect. (विपरीत)

Synonyms: Opposite, Reverse, Contrary, Inverted

Antonyms: Same, Similar, Direct, Identical

Example: There is an inverse relationship between price and demand.

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4 Adoration (noun)

Deep love, respect, or worship. (गहरी श्रद्धा)

Synonyms: Worship, Devotion, Reverence, Admiration

Antonyms: Hatred, Disrespect, Contempt, Dislike

Example: The child looked at his mother with pure adoration.

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5 Broaden (verb)

To make or become wider or more extensive. (विस्तृत करना)

Synonyms: Widen, Expand, Enlarge, Extend

Antonyms: Narrow, Restrict, Reduce, Contract

Example: Reading books can broaden your knowledge.

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6 Prolong (verb)

To make something last longer. (लंबा करना)

Synonyms: Extend, Lengthen, Continue, Stretch

Antonyms: Shorten, Curtail, Reduce, Abbreviate

Example: Heavy rain may prolong the rescue operation.

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7 Customary (adjective)

According to usual practice or tradition. (परंपरागत)

Synonyms: Usual, Traditional, Conventional, Habitual

Antonyms: Unusual, Rare, Unconventional, Exceptional

Example: It is customary to greet elders with respect.

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8 Persuasive (adjective)

Able to convince someone to believe or do something. (प्रभावशाली ढंग से समझाने वाला)

Synonyms: Convincing, Compelling, Influential, Cogent

Antonyms: Unconvincing, Ineffective, Weak, Implausible

Example: Her persuasive speech changed the opinion of many people.

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9 Invasive (adjective)

Spreading into an area in a harmful or unwanted way. (अतिक्रमणकारी)

Synonyms: Intrusive, Encroaching, Aggressive, Trespassing

Antonyms: Noninvasive, Native, Harmless, Nonintrusive

Example: Invasive plants can damage the natural balance of an ecosystem.

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10 Evasive (adjective)

Avoiding a direct answer or action. (टालमटोल करने वाला)

Synonyms: Avoidant, Elusive, Equivocal, Shifty

Antonyms: Direct, Frank, Honest, Straightforward

Example: The minister gave an evasive reply to the difficult question.

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11 Resilient (adjective)

Able to recover quickly from difficulties; tough and capable of withstanding hardship. (लचीला/दृढ़)

Synonyms: Tough, Adaptable, Flexible, Hardy

Antonyms: Fragile, Weak, Vulnerable, Brittle

Example: The resilient farmers rebuilt their lives after the devastating floods destroyed their crops.

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12 Adamant (adjective)

Refusing to be persuaded or to change one's mind; completely firm and unyielding. (अडिग)

Synonyms: Firm, Resolute, Inflexible, Unyielding

Antonyms: Flexible, Yielding, Compliant, Persuadable

Example: Despite repeated requests from his family, he remained adamant about his career choice.

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13 Scrutiny (noun)

Close and detailed examination or investigation of something. (जांच)

Synonyms: Examination, Investigation, Inspection, Analysis

Antonyms: Negligence, Oversight, Inattention, Carelessness

Example: The financial records of the company were placed under intense scrutiny by the auditors.

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14 Astute (adjective)

Having an ability to accurately assess situations or people; cleverly perceptive and shrewd. (चतुर)

Synonyms: Shrewd, Sharp, Clever, Perceptive

Antonyms: Naive, Foolish, Obtuse, Gullible

Example: The astute investor identified the market opportunity before anyone else did.

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15 Prudent (adjective)

Acting with or showing care and thought for the future; wise in practical matters. (विवेकशील)

Synonyms: Wise, Sensible, Judicious, Cautious

Antonyms: Imprudent, Reckless, Foolish, Rash

Example: It is prudent to save money regularly rather than depending on a single income source.

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16 Zealous (adjective)

Having or showing great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or goal. (उत्साही)

Synonyms: Enthusiastic, Fervent, Passionate, Eager

Antonyms: Apathetic, Indifferent, Unenthusiastic, Lethargic

Example: She was a zealous supporter of women's education in rural areas.

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17 Venerate (verb)

To regard with great respect and reverence. (आदर करना)

Synonyms: Revere, Respect, Honor, Worship

Antonyms: Disrespect, Despise, Condemn, Dishonor

Example: People across the country venerate the freedom fighters who sacrificed their lives.

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18 Turbulent (adjective)

Characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not stable or calm. (अशांत)

Synonyms: Chaotic, Tumultuous, Stormy, Tempestuous

Antonyms: Calm, Peaceful, Stable, Serene

Example: The nation went through a turbulent phase after the sudden collapse of its government.

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19 Proliferate (verb)

To increase rapidly in number; to spread or multiply. (तेजी से बढ़ना)

Synonyms: Multiply, Expand, Spread, Burgeon

Antonyms: Decrease, Diminish, Dwindle, Contract

Example: Misinformation tends to proliferate quickly on social media platforms.

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20 Mendacious (adjective)

Not telling the truth; habitually dishonest. (झूठा)

Synonyms: Dishonest, Deceitful, Untruthful, Deceptive

Antonyms: Truthful, Honest, Sincere, Candid

Example: The mendacious politician made hollow promises before every election season.

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1 Magnanimous (adjective)

Very generous and forgiving, especially towards a rival or less powerful person. (उदार)

Synonyms: Generous, Benevolent, Charitable, Forgiving

Antonyms: Petty, Selfish, Mean, Uncharitable

Example: The magnanimous champion shared his prize money with his struggling teammates.

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2 Laconic (adjective)

Using very few words; brief and concise in speech or expression. (संक्षिप्त)

Synonyms: Brief, Concise, Terse, Succinct

Antonyms: Verbose, Wordy, Loquacious, Garrulous

Example: His laconic reply of 'No comment' frustrated the journalists at the press conference.

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3 Circumspect (adjective)

Wary and unwilling to take risks; careful to consider all circumstances before acting. (सावधान)

Synonyms: Cautious, Prudent, Wary, Discreet

Antonyms: Reckless, Careless, Imprudent, Heedless

Example: A good judge must be circumspect before delivering any verdict in a sensitive case.

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4 Acrimonious (adjective)

Angry and bitter, especially in speech or manner. (कटु)

Synonyms: Bitter, Hostile, Caustic, Rancorous

Antonyms: Amicable, Cordial, Pleasant, Harmonious

Example: The divorce proceedings turned acrimonious, affecting the children deeply.

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5 Vociferous (adjective)

Expressing opinions loudly and forcefully; making a great outcry. (मुखर)

Synonyms: Clamorous, Loud, Strident, Boisterous

Antonyms: Quiet, Silent, Subdued, Reserved

Example: The crowd grew vociferous in their protests outside the parliament building.

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6 Loquacious (adjective)

Tending to talk a great deal; very talkative. (बातूनी)

Synonyms: Talkative, Garrulous, Verbose, Chatty

Antonyms: Taciturn, Reserved, Reticent, Silent

Example: His loquacious nature made every team meeting run twice as long as planned.

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7 Ameliorate (verb)

To make something bad or unsatisfactory better; to improve. (सुधारना)

Synonyms: Improve, Better, Enhance, Alleviate

Antonyms: Worsen, Deteriorate, Aggravate, Impair

Example: The government introduced new schemes to ameliorate the living conditions of rural communities.

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8 Obdurate (adjective)

Stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or course of action. (हठी)

Synonyms: Stubborn, Inflexible, Unyielding, Intransigent

Antonyms: Flexible, Compliant, Yielding, Amenable

Example: Despite all the evidence, the obdurate minister refused to resign from his post.

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9 Tenacious (adjective)

Holding firmly to something; very determined and persistent. (दृढ़निश्चयी)

Synonyms: Persistent, Determined, Resolute, Steadfast

Antonyms: Irresolute, Yielding, Weak, Vacillating

Example: Her tenacious effort to clear the civil services exam finally paid off after three attempts.

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10 Propitious (adjective)

Giving or indicating a good chance of success; favorable. (अनुकूल)

Synonyms: Favorable, Auspicious, Promising, Opportune

Antonyms: Unfavorable, Inauspicious, Ominous, Adverse

Example: The clear skies and calm winds proved propitious for the marathon runners.

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1 Semiotics (noun)

The study of signs, symbols, and their meanings. (संकेतों और प्रतीकों का अध्ययन)

Synonyms: Semiology, Symbolism, Sign study, Sign theory

Antonyms: Literalism, Non-symbolism, Direct expression, Plain meaning

Example: Semiotics helps us understand how symbols create meaning in advertisements.

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2 Perigee (noun)

The point in the orbit of the moon or a satellite when it is nearest to the earth. (पृथ्वी के निकटतम कक्षीय बिंदु)

Synonyms: Nearest point, Closest approach, Orbital low point, Earth-nearest point

Antonyms: Apogee, Farthest point, Highest orbital point, Distant point

Example: The moon appears larger when it is near perigee.

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3 Monopsony (noun)

A market situation in which there is only one buyer for goods or services. (एकमात्र खरीदार वाला बाजार)

Synonyms: Single-buyer market, Buyer monopoly, Purchasing monopoly, Monopsonistic market

Antonyms: Competitive market, Multiple-buyer market, Free market, Polyopsony

Example: In a small town, one large factory may create a monopsony for local labour.

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4 Luddite (noun)

A person who dislikes or opposes new technology. (नई तकनीक का विरोधी व्यक्ति)

Synonyms: Technophobe, Traditionalist, Reactionary, Antimodernist

Antonyms: Technophile, Innovator, Modernist, Early adopter

Example: My grandfather is not a Luddite, but he avoids using smartphones.

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5 Kismet (noun)

Fate or destiny. (भाग्य)

Synonyms: Fate, Destiny, Fortune, Providence

Antonyms: Free will, Choice, Volition, Autonomy

Example: She believed it was kismet that they met again after ten years.

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6 Impresario (noun)

A person who organizes and manages public entertainment, especially musical or theatrical events. (कार्यक्रम आयोजक)

Synonyms: Organizer, Promoter, Producer, Manager

Antonyms: Spectator, Attendee, Follower, Performer

Example: The impresario arranged a grand musical concert in the city.

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7 Haptic (adjective)

Related to the sense of touch. (स्पर्श संबंधी)

Synonyms: Tactile, Touch-related, Tangible, Sensory

Antonyms: Non-tactile, Visual, Auditory, Intangible

Example: The phone gives haptic feedback when you type.

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8 Bespoke (adjective)

Made specially according to a particular person’s needs or order. (विशेष रूप से बनवाया गया)

Synonyms: Custom-made, Tailor-made, Personalized, Customized

Antonyms: Ready-made, Mass-produced, Standard, Off-the-rack

Example: He wore a bespoke suit for the wedding.

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9 Bailiwick (noun)

A person’s area of knowledge, work, authority, or interest. (कार्यक्षेत्र)

Synonyms: Domain, Field, Sphere, Province

Antonyms: Non-specialty, Outside domain, Unfamiliar field, Irrelevance

Example: Environmental law is not really my bailiwick.

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10 Argot (noun)

The special language or jargon used by a particular group or profession. (विशेष वर्ग की भाषा)

Synonyms: Jargon, Slang, Cant, Lingo

Antonyms: Standard language, Plain speech, Formal language, Common speech

Example: The thieves used argot so that outsiders could not understand their plans.

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11 Predestination (noun)

The belief that events are decided in advance by fate or divine power. (पूर्वनियति)

Synonyms: Fate, Destiny, Determinism, Foreordination

Antonyms: Free Will, Choice, Chance, Self-determination

Example: He believed in predestination rather than personal choice.

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12 Memento (noun)

An object kept as a reminder of a person, place, or event. (स्मृति-चिह्न)

Synonyms: Souvenir, Keepsake, Reminder, Token

Antonyms: Forgetfulness, Oblivion, Amnesia, Erasure

Example: He kept the medal as a memento of his victory.

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13 Ingenue (noun)

An innocent and inexperienced young woman, especially in drama or film. (भोली और अनुभवहीन युवती)

Synonyms: Naive Girl, Innocent, Young Woman, Debutante

Antonyms: Sophisticate, Cynic, Veteran, Femme Fatale

Example: She played the role of an ingenue in the film.

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14 Husbandry (noun)

Careful farming, management, or conservation of resources. (खेती-बाड़ी या संसाधनों का सावधानीपूर्वक प्रबंधन)

Synonyms: Farming, Agriculture, Cultivation, Management

Antonyms: Waste, Neglect, Misuse, Squandering

Example: Good husbandry improves soil fertility.

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15 Gratis (adjective/adverb)

Given or done free of charge. (मुफ्त)

Synonyms: Free, Complimentary, Costless, Unpaid

Antonyms: Paid, Costly, Expensive, Charged

Example: The guide gave us the tickets gratis.

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16 Fusillade (noun)

A rapid series of shots, attacks, or questions. (गोलियों, हमलों या प्रश्नों की तेज बौछार)

Synonyms: Barrage, Volley, Salvo, Blast

Antonyms: Silence, Pause, Lull, Calm

Example: The soldiers faced a fusillade of bullets.

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17 Effluvium (noun)

An unpleasant smell or harmful discharge. (दुर्गंध या हानिकारक स्राव)

Synonyms: Stench, Odor, Fume, Exhalation

Antonyms: Fragrance, Aroma, Perfume, Scent

Example: The effluvium from the drain spread across the street.

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18 Doggerel (noun)

Poetry that is badly written or has an irregular rhythm. (घटिया या असंगत छंद वाली कविता)

Synonyms: Jingle, Rhyme, Verse, Ditty

Antonyms: Prose, Epic, Masterpiece, Fine Poetry

Example: The poem sounded like childish doggerel.

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19 Coterminous (adjective)

Having the same boundary, extent, or duration. (समान सीमा या अवधि वाला)

Synonyms: Coextensive, Conterminous, Contiguous, Adjacent

Antonyms: Separate, Nonadjacent, Distinct, Disconnected

Example: The city’s administrative area is coterminous with the district boundary.

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20 Arrant (adjective)

Complete and obvious, usually in a bad sense. (पूर्णत: बुरा या स्पष्ट)

Synonyms: Utter, Absolute, Downright, Complete

Antonyms: Partial, Limited, Moderate, Qualified

Example: He was exposed as an arrant liar.

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1 Parabola (noun)

A U-shaped curve formed by the path of a point that moves so that its distance from a fixed point is equal to its distance from a fixed line. (परवलय)

Synonyms: Curve, Arc, Trajectory, Conic

Antonyms: Straight Line, Circle, Ellipse, Hyperbola

Example: The path of a thrown ball often forms a parabola.

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2 Duopoly (noun)

A market situation in which two companies or sellers control most or all of the supply of a product or service. (दो कंपनियों के नियंत्रण वाला बाजार)

Synonyms: Dual Monopoly, Two-firm Market, Two-seller Market, Shared Monopoly

Antonyms: Monopoly, Perfect Competition, Competitive Market, Open Market

Example: The telecom sector became a duopoly after only two major companies dominated the market.

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3 Respondent (noun)

A person who replies to something, especially a person who answers questions in a survey or a case. (उत्तर देने वाला व्यक्ति)

Synonyms: Answerer, Replier, Defendant, Participant

Antonyms: Questioner, Petitioner, Plaintiff, Interrogator

Example: Each respondent was asked to give honest answers in the survey.

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4 Pantheon (noun)

A group of all gods of a particular religion, or a group of highly respected and famous people. (देवताओं का समूह या अत्यंत सम्मानित प्रसिद्ध व्यक्तियों का समूह)

Synonyms: Deities, Divinities, Immortals, Hall of Fame

Antonyms: Mortals, Commoners, Unknowns, Nonentities

Example: Kalidasa holds an important place in the pantheon of great Sanskrit poets.

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5 Auditory (adjective)

Related to the sense of hearing. (श्रवण-संबंधी)

Synonyms: Hearing, Acoustic, Aural, Sonic

Antonyms: Visual, Silent, Nonauditory, Optical

Example: The teacher used auditory exercises to improve the students’ listening skills.

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6 Gustatory (adjective)

Related to the sense of taste. (स्वाद-संबंधी)

Synonyms: Taste-related, Gustative, Palatal, Sensory

Antonyms: Non-gustatory, Auditory, Visual, Olfactory

Example: The chef focused on the gustatory experience of each dish.

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7 Sommelier (noun)

A trained wine expert who advises people about wine, especially in a restaurant. (प्रशिक्षित मदिरा विशेषज्ञ)

Synonyms: Wine Expert, Wine Steward, Wine Waiter, Connoisseur

Antonyms: Novice, Amateur, Layperson, Nonexpert

Example: The sommelier suggested a perfect wine to match the dinner.

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8 Systemic (adjective)

Relating to or affecting an entire system, organization, or body rather than just one part. (पूरे तंत्र या व्यवस्था से संबंधित)

Synonyms: Widespread, Structural, Comprehensive, Pervasive

Antonyms: Local, Isolated, Partial, Individual

Example: The company needs systemic changes to improve its overall work culture.

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9 Phalanx (noun)

A closely arranged group of people, soldiers, or things standing together in a compact formation. (सघन समूह या सैनिकों की घनी पंक्ति)

Synonyms: Formation, Battalion, Array, Troop

Antonyms: Dispersal, Separation, Scattering, Disorder

Example: The soldiers advanced in a strong phalanx to protect their territory.

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10 Aficionado (noun)

A person who is very interested in and knowledgeable about a particular subject or activity. (जानकार और उत्साही प्रशंसक)

Synonyms: Enthusiast, Devotee, Connoisseur, Admirer

Antonyms: Critic, Detractor, Opponent, Novice

Example: He is an aficionado of classical music and attends every major concert in the city.

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11 Shortfall (noun)

A shortage or deficit in the required amount or level. (कमी / घाटा)

Synonyms: Deficit, Shortage, Deficiency, Lack

Antonyms: Surplus, Excess, Abundance, Plenty

Example: The project faced a shortfall in funds due to rising costs.

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12 Spillover (noun)

The spread of something beyond its original or intended area, limit, or situation. (फैलाव / अतिप्रवाह)

Synonyms: Overflow, Spread, Leakage, Carryover

Antonyms: Containment, Retention, Restriction, Confinement

Example: The economic crisis had a spillover effect on nearby countries.

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13 Standstill (noun)

A situation in which movement, activity, or progress completely stops. (ठहराव / गतिरोध)

Synonyms: Halt, Stop, Stoppage, Deadlock

Antonyms: Movement, Progress, Activity, Flow

Example: Heavy rain brought the traffic to a complete standstill.

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14 Drawback (noun)

A disadvantage, problem, or negative point in something. (कमी / नुकसान)

Synonyms: Disadvantage, Downside, Limitation, Flaw

Antonyms: Advantage, Benefit, Strength, Merit

Example: The main drawback of the plan is that it requires too much money.

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15 Downturn (noun)

A decline or reduction in economic, business, or general activity. (गिरावट / मंदी)

Synonyms: Decline, Slump, Recession, Drop

Antonyms: Upturn, Recovery, Improvement, Boom

Example: The company faced a downturn in sales during the winter season.

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16 Groundwork (noun)

The basic or preliminary work done to prepare for something. (आधारभूत तैयारी / प्रारंभिक कार्य)

Synonyms: Foundation, Basis, Preparation, Preliminaries

Antonyms: Completion, Conclusion, Finish, Outcome

Example: The committee laid the groundwork for the successful implementation of the new policy.

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17 Headway (noun)

Progress or forward movement, especially after effort or difficulty. (प्रगति / उन्नति)

Synonyms: Progress, Advancement, Improvement, Development

Antonyms: Setback, Regression, Decline, Stagnation

Example: The team made good headway in completing the project before the deadline.

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18 Backdrop (noun)

The background or setting behind an event, scene, or situation. (पृष्ठभूमि / परिवेश)

Synonyms: Background, Setting, Scene, Context

Antonyms: Foreground, Front, Focus, Centerpiece

Example: The mountains formed a beautiful backdrop for the village festival.

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19 Narrative (noun/adjective)

A spoken or written account of events; a story or description. (वर्णन / कथा)

Synonyms: Story, Account, Tale, Description

Antonyms: Silence, Concealment, Fact, Reality

Example: The teacher asked the students to write a narrative about their village life.

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20 Directive (noun/adjective)

An official instruction, order, or guiding rule. (निर्देश / आदेश)

Synonyms: Instruction, Order, Command, Guideline

Antonyms: Request, Suggestion, Advice, Option

Example: The government issued a directive to improve safety standards in all schools.

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1 Bulletin (noun)

A short official report or announcement giving news or information. (समाचार या जानकारी देने वाली संक्षिप्त आधिकारिक सूचना)

Synonyms: Report, Notice, Announcement, Newsletter

Antonyms: Secrecy, Concealment, Suppression, Silence

Example: The school issued a bulletin about the upcoming examination schedule.

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2 Decompose (verb)

To break down into smaller parts or decay gradually. (छोटे भागों में टूटना या धीरे-धीरे सड़ना)

Synonyms: Decay, Rot, Disintegrate, Break down

Antonyms: Compose, Combine, Assemble, Preserve

Example: Dead plants decompose and enrich the soil.

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3 Splinter (noun)

A small, thin, sharp piece of wood, glass, or metal that has broken off from a larger piece. (लकड़ी, कांच या धातु का टूटा हुआ छोटा, पतला और नुकीला टुकड़ा)

Synonyms: Fragment, Shard, Chip, Sliver

Antonyms: Whole, Entirety, Mass, Unity

Example: A tiny splinter of wood got stuck in his finger.

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4 Flicker (verb)

To shine unsteadily or keep changing quickly in brightness. (अनियमित रूप से टिमटिमाना या चमकना)

Synonyms: Flutter, Waver, Glimmer, Quiver

Antonyms: Steady, Stabilize, Continue, Persist

Example: The candle began to flicker in the strong wind.

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5 Glisten (verb)

To shine with a sparkling or wet-looking light. (चमकना या झिलमिलाना)

Synonyms: Sparkle, Glitter, Gleam, Shimmer

Antonyms: Dull, Fade, Dim, Darken

Example: The leaves began to glisten after the rain.

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6 Inventory (noun)

A complete list of goods, items, or materials available in a store, business, or place. (उपलब्ध वस्तुओं या सामग्री की पूरी सूची)

Synonyms: Stock, Supply, Catalogue, Register

Antonyms: Shortage, Scarcity, Lack, Deficit

Example: The shopkeeper checked the inventory before ordering new products.

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7 Editorial (noun)

An article in a newspaper, magazine, or website that gives the opinion of the editor or publication. (संपादक या प्रकाशन की राय व्यक्त करने वाला लेख)

Synonyms: Commentary, Column, Article, Opinion Piece

Antonyms: News Report, Factual Report, Objective Account, Neutral Report

Example: The editorial strongly criticized the new education policy.

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8 Dissertation (noun)

A long formal piece of writing on a particular subject, especially for a university degree. (किसी विशेष विषय पर लिखा गया विस्तृत औपचारिक शोध-लेख)

Synonyms: Thesis, Treatise, Paper, Essay

Antonyms: Summary, Abstract, Outline, Precis

Example: She submitted her dissertation on Indian economic reforms.

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9 Governance (noun)

The way a country, organization, or institution is controlled, managed, and directed. (शासन और प्रशासन की प्रक्रिया)

Synonyms: Administration, Management, Control, Regulation

Antonyms: Misrule, Anarchy, Disorder, Lawlessness

Example: Good governance is essential for the development of any country.

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10 Disinformation (noun)

False information deliberately spread to deceive people. (जानबूझकर फैलाई गई झूठी या भ्रामक सूचना)

Synonyms: Propaganda, Falsehood, Fabrication, Hoax

Antonyms: Truth, Fact, Accuracy, Honesty

Example: The government warned people not to believe disinformation spread on social media.

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11 Testy (adjective)

Easily annoyed or irritated. (चिड़चिड़ा)

Synonyms: Irritable, Cranky, Touchy, Peevish

Antonyms: Calm, Patient, Pleasant, Easygoing

Example: He became testy when people repeatedly interrupted him.

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12 Theatrical (adjective)

Related to theatre or acting; also, exaggerated and dramatic in behaviour. (रंगमंच-संबंधी / नाटकीय)

Synonyms: Dramatic, Stagey, Histrionic, Exaggerated

Antonyms: Natural, Undramatic, Realistic, Unaffected

Example: His theatrical speech impressed the audience.

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13 Hibernation (noun)

A state of deep sleep or inactivity in which some animals spend the winter. (शीतनिद्रा)

Synonyms: Dormancy, Torpor, Inactivity, Winter sleep

Antonyms: Activity, Wakefulness, Alertness, Arousal

Example: Bears enter hibernation during the cold winter months.

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14 Scholastic (adjective)

Related to schools, education, or academic learning. (शैक्षिक / विद्यालय-संबंधी)

Synonyms: Academic, Educational, Scholarly, Pedagogical

Antonyms: Nonacademic, Noneducational, Unscholarly, Practical

Example: The school organized a scholastic competition to improve students’ academic skills.

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15 Majestic (adjective)

Having impressive beauty, dignity, or grandeur. (भव्य / राजसी)

Synonyms: Grand, Magnificent, Regal, Splendid

Antonyms: Ordinary, Humble, Plain, Unimpressive

Example: The majestic palace attracted tourists from all over the world.

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16 Dislodge (verb)

To force or knock something out of its place or position. (हटा देना / उखाड़ देना)

Synonyms: Remove, Evict, Uproot, Displace

Antonyms: Lodge, Fix, Secure, Anchor

Example: The strong wind dislodged several tiles from the roof.

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17 Exploit (verb)

To use someone or something unfairly for one’s own benefit. (शोषण करना)

Synonyms: Utilize, Harness, Leverage, Abuse

Antonyms: Protect, Safeguard, Neglect, Underuse

Example: The factory owner tried to exploit the workers by paying them very low wages.

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18 Colonialism (noun)

The policy or practice of controlling another country or region and exploiting it politically and economically. (उपनिवेशवाद)

Synonyms: Imperialism, Expansionism, Domination, Subjugation

Antonyms: Independence, Sovereignty, Self-rule, Decolonization

Example: Colonialism deeply affected the political and economic structure of many Asian and African countries.

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19 Primacy (noun)

The state of being first, most important, or superior in rank. (प्रधानता / सर्वोच्चता)

Synonyms: Supremacy, Priority, Precedence, Dominance

Antonyms: Inferiority, Subordination, Insignificance, Posteriority

Example: The Constitution gives primacy to the rule of law.

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20 Dolorous (adjective)

Feeling or expressing great sorrow or pain. (शोकपूर्ण / दुखद)

Synonyms: Sorrowful, Mournful, Woeful, Plaintive

Antonyms: Joyful, Cheerful, Happy, Blissful

Example: The dolorous song reminded everyone of the tragedy.

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1 Blistering (adjective/verb)

Extremely hot, very intense, or harshly critical. (अत्यधिक गर्म / तीव्र / कठोर आलोचनात्मक)

Synonyms: Scorching, Burning, Intense, Severe

Antonyms: Cool, Mild, Gentle, Pleasant

Example: The team played under the blistering heat of the desert sun.

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2 Sweltering (adjective/verb)

Extremely hot and uncomfortable. (अत्यधिक गर्म और असहनीय)

Synonyms: Scorching, Boiling, Blistering, Torrid

Antonyms: Freezing, Chilly, Cool, Frigid

Example: The players continued the match in the sweltering afternoon heat.

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3 Paralyze (verb)

To make a person or part of the body unable to move; to make something unable to function. (लकवाग्रस्त करना / निष्क्रिय कर देना)

Synonyms: Immobilize, Incapacitate, Disable, Numb

Antonyms: Mobilize, Activate, Enable, Revive

Example: The accident paralyzed his legs and changed his life completely.

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4 Disastrous (adjective)

Causing great damage, harm, or failure. (विनाशकारी / अत्यंत हानिकारक)

Synonyms: Catastrophic, Devastating, Ruinous, Calamitous

Antonyms: Beneficial, Successful, Fortunate, Advantageous

Example: The poor planning led to a disastrous result in the project.

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5 Lumbering (adjective/verb)

Moving in a slow, heavy, and awkward way. (धीरे-धीरे और भारीपन से चलने वाला)

Synonyms: Clumsy, Awkward, Heavy, Plodding

Antonyms: Graceful, Agile, Nimble, Light

Example: The lumbering elephant moved slowly through the forest.

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6 Swagger (verb/noun)

To walk or behave in a very confident and arrogant way. (अकड़कर चलना / घमंड दिखाना)

Synonyms: Strut, Boast, Brag, Bluster

Antonyms: Cower, Cringe, Humble, Understate

Example: He entered the room with a swagger after winning the competition.

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7 Monstrous (adjective)

Extremely large, frightening, or cruel. (भयानक / विशाल / क्रूर)

Synonyms: Huge, Enormous, Frightful, Horrible

Antonyms: Tiny, Small, Pleasant, Gentle

Example: A monstrous wave crashed against the ship during the storm.

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8 Scrumptious (adjective)

Very tasty or delicious. (बहुत स्वादिष्ट)

Synonyms: Delicious, Delectable, Appetizing, Tasty

Antonyms: Tasteless, Bland, Unappetizing, Insipid

Example: The cake was so scrumptious that everyone asked for another slice.

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9 Astonish (verb)

To surprise someone greatly. (आश्चर्यचकित करना / हैरान करना)

Synonyms: Amaze, Astound, Surprise, Stun

Antonyms: Bore, Underwhelm, Disappoint, Reassure

Example: The magician’s final trick astonished the entire audience.

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10 Suffocate (verb)

To die or cause someone to die because of lack of air; to feel unable to breathe. (दम घुटना / दम घोंटना)

Synonyms: Choke, Smother, Strangle, Stifle

Antonyms: Breathe, Ventilate, Aerate, Revive

Example: The thick smoke could suffocate anyone trapped inside the room.

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11 Pertinacity (noun)

The quality of continuing firmly with an opinion or action despite difficulty or opposition. (दृढ़ता)

Synonyms: Tenacity, Persistence, Perseverance, Determination

Antonyms: Irresolution, Wavering, Inconstancy, Flexibility

Example: Her pertinacity helped her complete the difficult project despite many obstacles.

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12 Enigmatic (adjective)

Mysterious and difficult to understand or explain. (रहस्यमय)

Synonyms: Mysterious, Puzzling, Cryptic, Obscure

Antonyms: Clear, Obvious, Plain, Understandable

Example: His enigmatic smile made everyone curious about his real intention.

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13 Deference (noun)

Polite respect for someone or something, especially because of their age, position, or knowledge. (आदरपूर्ण सम्मान)

Synonyms: Respect, Regard, Reverence, Submission

Antonyms: Disrespect, Defiance, Impudence, Insolence

Example: The students listened to the professor with great deference.

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14 Audacity (noun)

Boldness or daring, especially when shocking or rude. (दुस्साहस)

Synonyms: Boldness, Daring, Fearlessness, Impudence

Antonyms: Timidity, Cowardice, Caution, Humility

Example: He had the audacity to question the judge’s decision in court.

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15 Exuberance (noun)

A feeling of great energy, excitement, and happiness. (उल्लास)

Synonyms: Enthusiasm, Energy, Vitality, Liveliness

Antonyms: Apathy, Dullness, Lethargy, Gloom

Example: The children showed great exuberance during the school celebration.

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16 Diligence (noun)

Careful and continuous effort in doing work or duties. (परिश्रम)

Synonyms: Hard Work, Carefulness, Persistence, Assiduity

Antonyms: Laziness, Negligence, Carelessness, Idleness

Example: His diligence helped him succeed in the examination.

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17 Profusion (noun)

A very large amount or quantity of something. (प्रचुरता)

Synonyms: Abundance, Plenty, Copiousness, Lavishness

Antonyms: Scarcity, Shortage, Lack, Dearth

Example: The garden was filled with a profusion of colorful flowers.

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18 Irreproachable (adjective)

So good or correct that no one can criticize it. (आलोचना से परे)

Synonyms: Blameless, Faultless, Impeccable, Exemplary

Antonyms: Reproachable, Blameworthy, Faulty, Disgraceful

Example: Her conduct during the crisis was irreproachable.

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19 Loquacity (noun)

The quality of talking a lot, especially too much. (वाचालता)

Synonyms: Talkativeness, Garrulity, Verbosity, Chattiness

Antonyms: Silence, Taciturnity, Reticence, Reserve

Example: His loquacity made it difficult for others to speak during the meeting.

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20 Philanthropy (noun)

The desire to help people, especially by giving money to good causes. (परोपकार)

Synonyms: Charity, Benevolence, Altruism, Humanitarianism

Antonyms: Selfishness, Greed, Miserliness, Stinginess

Example: His philanthropy helped thousands of poor children receive education.

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