‘My urine smells really badly lately, like acid. What could be the reason?’

‘My urine smells really badly lately, like acid. What could be the reason?’

Urine is smelly, yes. But when it starts smelling like acid, anyone can get concerned, especially when it isn’t a one-off but persistent. One such Quora user got distressed by the experience and posted the query on the online forum: ‘My urine smells really badly lately, like acid. What could be the reason?’ So, we decided to take the matter into our own hands and seek sound medical advice.

Smelly urine can indicate a UTI when it is persistent and when one experiences symptoms such as burning during urination, frequent urge to pass urine, pain either under the navel or over the flanks,” says Dr Aditya Nayak, Consultant Nephrologist at Zen Annexe, Zen Multispeciality Hospital, Mumbai. Fever, especially with shivering, may also occur, though it is not exclusive to infections. Beyond urinary tract infections, foul-smelling urine may also signal uncontrolled diabetes, kidney problems, or metabolic issues—conditions that require timely intervention.

Common reasons behind acidic or foul-smelling urine

Urine odour can change due to a variety of lifestyle and medical factors. Dr Pradeep Rao, Director – Urology at Gleneagles Hospital, Mumbai, explains, “Urine can smell strong or foul due to dehydration, certain foods like garlic or asparagus, or vitamin supplements.” When the body is dehydrated, urine becomes concentrated, which naturally increases its odour. Even beverages such as coffee or alcohol can temporarily affect urine smell. Hormonal changes, particularly during pregnancy or menopause, may also alter urine odour. Certain medications, including B-complex vitamin supplements, can further intensify the smell.

Urinary tract infections remain, according to experts, among the most common medical reasons for foul-smelling urine. They occur when bacteria multiply in the urinary tract, causing irritation and inflammation. Other metabolic issues, such as diabetes, can also contribute to an acidic or sweet smell in urine due to the presence of glucose or ketones. “Even normal urine, if exposed to the atmosphere for a longer period of time, will start to have an unpleasant odour,” Dr Rao tells IndianExpress.com.

When to seek medical attention

Persistent foul-smelling urine should never be ignored. If it lasts for several days or is accompanied by burning, pain, fever, or changes in urine colour, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. Dr Nayak recommends a few key investigations: urine routine and microscopy, urine culture, blood sugar tests, and kidney function tests. These tests help identify infections, metabolic conditions, or other underlying issues that may require treatment.

Lifestyle measures can help manage minor causes. Staying well-hydrated is crucial to prevent urine concentration and a strong odour. Paying attention to diet, moderating intake of foods like garlic, asparagus, and coffee, and managing medications or supplements that may alter urine odour can also help. However, persistent or worsening odour should not be dismissed, as it may point to a more serious condition.

In summary, occasional changes in urine odour are common and usually harmless, but persistent or foul-smelling urine—especially with symptoms such as pain, burning, or fever—requires prompt medical evaluation. “Smelly urine can be a signal from your body,” reminds Dr Rao, “and timely intervention can prevent minor issues from becoming serious.” By staying hydrated, monitoring your diet, and seeking professional advice, you can safeguard your urinary and overall health.

DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.