Cool the world
Although it took seven years to come to fruition (सफलता/सुखानुभव) , the Kigali agreement to amend the Montreal Protocol and substantially (काफी हद तक) limit the emission of hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs) that contribute to global warming represents major progress. The important role played by this group of chemicals, used in refrigeration and air conditioning, is evident from the scientific estimate that without a mitigation (अल्पीकरण/न्यूनीकरण/कमी करना) plan, HFCs could warm the world by an additional half a degree Celsius by the end of the century. As with other such global compacts on environmental matters, India pressed for a more lenient (उदार/ सौम्य) deadline at the Rwanda negotiations (समझौता) . Ultimately, it agreed to start freezing HFC use in 2028, four years later than its peer (समान पद का/ बराबरी का) club countries China, Brazil and those in Africa, and achieving maximum reduction by 2047, two years after they do. In welcome contrast, however, India has ordered the manufacturers of HFC 23 — a by-product of another chemical used in refrigerant gas manufacture and with a staggeringly (अत्यधिक रूप से) high contribution to global warming — to now capture and dispose of it at their own cost. The decision is of particular significance, considering the expansion of refrigeration and air conditioning in India with a rise in incomes, leading to higher levels of HFC release into the atmosphere.
One of the questions before India in its implementation of Montreal Protocol commitments is the need to align its goals for ‘Make in India’ with green technologies in order to remain competitive in global markets. Inducting (शामिल करना/प्रवेश कराना) alternatives to HFCs, such as hydrocarbons, ammonia and carbon dioxide, in the relevant industries should happen sooner than anticipated (प्रत्याशित/अपेक्षित) and possibly become even attractive as the cost of technologies falls. The changeover is actually an opportunity to achieve a leapfrog effect. The imperative (अनिवार्य/आत्यावश्यक) , in any case, should be environmental. It is worth recalling that the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer adopted in 1985 (operationalized later by the Montreal Protocol) followed a phase when major producers of chlorofluorocarbons, the earlier generation of refrigerants, tried to discredit the link between the chemicals and the developing problem of the ozone hole. Persistent (अनवरत/सतत) and credible science, however, swayed (प्रभावित करना/झुकाना (किसी परिपेक्ष्य में) public and political opinion in favor of a phase-out of CFCs. As with the Paris Agreement on climate change, which is strengthened by the Kigali amendments (संशोधन) , developing countries will legitimately (तर्कसंगत तरीके से/ वैध तरीके से) expect rich countries to aid them as they seek to acquire green technologies for industrial use. Given the impact of global warming, countries and people who have historically never been part of the problem should not have to argue their case for liberal assistance.
Fruition (noun)
The realization or fulfillment of a plan or project. सफलता/सुखानुभव
Synonyms: Fulfillment, Realization, Actualization, Achievement, Attainment, Accomplishment
Example: After many obstacles, our dream of owning a restaurant has finally come to fruition .
Substantially (adverb)
To a great or significant extent. काफी हद तक
Synonyms: Considerably, Significantly, Greatly, Markedly, Appreciably
Example: Ideological differences within the party have grown substantially since their loss in the recent election.
Mitigation (noun)
The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something. अल्पीकरण/न्यूनीकरण/कमी करना
Synonyms: Alleviation, Reduction, Diminution, Lessening
Example: The removal or the mitigation of objectionable matter is also occasionally found now-a-days.
Lenient (adjective)
Mild or soothing; emollient. उदार/ सौम्य
Synonyms: Merciful, Clement, Sparing, Forgiving, Humane, Indulgent
Example: The lenient judge is merely going to give culprit a stern warning.
Peer (noun)
One that is of equal standing with another. समान पद का/ बराबरी का
Synonyms: Companion, Coequal, Match
Example: Einstein was greatly admired by his peers in the scientific community.
Staggeringly (adverb)
Very large, shocking, or surprising अत्यधिक रूप से
Synonyms: Extremely, Greatly, Highly, Remarkably
Example: In the recent years the use of CFCs has increased Staggeringly that heating of Earth is expected to be more than anticipated.
Induct (verb)
Admit (someone) formally to a post or organization. शामिल करना/प्रवेश कराना
Synonyms: Enlist, Instate, Include
Example: The good virtues must be inducted for harnessing.
Imperative (adjective)
Of vital importance; crucial. अनिवार्य/आत्यावश्यक
Synonyms: Vital, Crucial, Critical, Essential
Example: Water is imperative for survival.
Persistent (adjective)
Continuing to exist or occur over a prolonged period. अनवरत/सतत
Synonyms: Continuing, Constant, Enduring, Steady
Example: Although I have been taking medicine for two weeks, I still cannot get rid of this persistent cough.
Sway (verb)
Control or influence (a person or course of action). (प्रभावित करना/झुकाना किसी परिपेक्ष्य में
Synonyms: Effect, Impact, Influence, Impression
Example: The President is hoping to sway public opinion in favor of free trade.
Legitimately (adverb)
Conforming to recognized principles or accepted rules and standards. तर्कसंगत तरीके से/ वैध तरीके से
Synonyms: Accurately, Correctly, Properly, Equitably, Rightly
Example: We shall try to indicate the extent to which project can legitimately be applied.
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